基于IPCC方法的福建省农业活动甲烷排放量估算

稻田和畜禽养殖是农业领域甲烷的重要排放源,估算省级农业活动甲烷的排放量,并分析其排放特征,对提出符合福建省农业发展的减排措施有重要意义。本研究基于福建省农业活动水平数据,采用IPCC方法,以2005年为基准年,估算了2005年和2010年福建省农业活动甲烷排放量。结果表明:2005年和2010年福建省农业活动甲烷排放量分别为39.75万t和32.74万t,2010年比2005年减少17.64%。与2005年相比,2010年稻田甲烷排放减少17.37%,动物肠道发酵甲烷排放减少31.59%,动物粪便管理甲烷排放增加1.11%。与2005年相比,2010年稻田面积减少及动物规模化养殖程度提高是农业活动甲烷排放减少的主要原因。稻田甲烷排放受水稻品种、土壤条件、水分状况、施肥管理以及气候条件等因素影响,可从上述途径减少稻田甲烷排放。控制和减少畜禽养殖甲烷排放的关键是优化畜牧业结构,提高规模化养殖水平,改良畜禽品种、改进动物饲养和畜禽排泄物处理技术,提高畜产品产出量,进而减少温室气体排放。研究结果可为决策者制定福建省农业活动甲烷排放控制政策、降低农业活动甲烷排放量提供基础资料。

Methane Emission Estimation of Fujian Agricultural Activities Based on IPCC Method

Paddy fields and livestocks are the important sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). Based on the agricultural data of Fujian, according to the methodology guidelines of IPCC, the CH4 emissions from agricultural activities of Fujian were estimated and analyzed in 2005 and 2010, which had an important significance to put forward the suitable measures for mitigating the CH4 emissions. The results showed that: the CH4 emissions from agricultural activities in Fujian in 2005 and 2010 were 397500 t and 327400 t, respectively, 17.64% less in 2010 than in 2005; compared with 2005, CH4 emissions in 2010 from paddy fields and animal intestinal fermentation decreased by 17.37% and 31.59%, respectively, while CH4 emissions from manure management increased by 1.11%; the decrease of paddy field area and increase of animal scale cultivation degree was the main cause of CH4 emissions deduction; CH4 emissions in paddy fields were influenced by variety, soil, water, fertilizer and climate factors, the ways and methods mentioned above can reduce CH4 emissions; the measures for mitigating the CH4 emissions from livestocks should be focused on the optimization of animal husbandry structure, promoting the large-scale livestock raising, improving the raising technologies and poultry waste treatment facilities, improving livestock product output. The results will provide a scientific basis for policy maker to mitigate the CH4 emission from agricultural activities of Fujian.