马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫毒杀和拒食活性的研究

目的]研究马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)对枸杞蚜虫(Aphis sp.)的毒杀和拒食活性,为开发以马齿苋为原料的新型植物性杀虫剂提供理论依据。方法]采用点滴法,测定马齿苋乙醇粗提物及其石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水5种不同极性萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的触杀活性;采用载毒叶片法,测定5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的拒食活性。结果]马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫有较高的触杀活性,浓度为50.000 mg/ml时,48 h的校正死亡率达95.4%;5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的触杀活性顺序为石油醚>氯仿>正丁醇>乙酸乙酯>水,石油醚萃取物48 h的校正死亡率达96.7%;5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的拒食活性顺序为水>乙酸乙酯>正丁醇>氯仿>石油醚。结论]马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫具有较强的触杀活性且杀虫活性物质为一类小极性的化合物,拒食活性物质为一类极性较大的化合物。

Study on the Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. On Aphis sp.

Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of Portulaca oleracea L.on Aphis sp.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking P.oleracea as a raw material.Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from P.oleracea against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.000 mg/ml and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.Conclusion] The extract from P.oleracea has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.