贵州特有植物雷山杜鹃播种基质选择研究

目的]筛选出雷山杜鹃种子繁殖的最佳播种基质。方法]选取了3种基质进行配比形成6个基质类型,并以发芽时间、发芽速度、发芽率、成苗率和保存率为评价指标进行研究。结果]雷山杜鹃种子的发芽时间为30~33 d,以基质1(即纯腐殖土)中的发芽时间最短,发芽速度最快;发芽率以基质1中的最高,为49.33%,方差分析和多重比较结果显示与其他基质的差异极显著;所有基质的成苗率从大到小依次为1、2、6、3、5、4,基质1(即纯腐殖土)中成苗率最高,达46.67%,且极显著高于其他;幼苗保存率从大到小依次为1、3、4、2、5、6,其中基质1、2、3、4之间无显著差异,四者与基质5、6的差异极显著。结论]综合所有指标得出,基质1亦即纯腐殖土为雷山杜鹃种子播种繁殖的最佳基质。

Study on Selection of the Sowing Substrate for Endemic Plant Rhododendron leishanicum in Guizhou Province

Objective] The research aimed to screen out the best sowing substrate of seed breeding of Rhododendron leishanicum.Method]Three kinds of matrices were selected to form six types of substrates.The germination time,germination speed,germination rate,seedling rate and preservation rate were used as evaluation indexes.Result] The germination time of Rhododendron leishanicum was 30-33 d,the germination time was the shortest and the germination speed was the fastest in substrate 1 (pure humus soil).The highest germination rate was found in substrate 1,which was 49.33％;ANOVA and multiple comparisons showed that the germination rate was significantly different from other matrixes.The seedling rate of all substrates was 1,2,6,3,5 and 4 in descending order.The highest rate of seedling emergence was in substrate 1 (pure humus soil),reaching 46.67％,which was significantly higher than the others.The seedling preservation rates were 1,3,4,2,5 and 6 in descending order,with no significant difference between the substrates 1,2,3 and 4,and the differences between the four and the substrates 5 and 6 were extremely significant.Conclusion] Taken together,all the indicators show that substrate 1 (pure humus soil) is the best matrix for seed and reproduction of Rhododendron leishanicum.