重点生态功能区建设对海南中部山区水源涵养功能的影响

以海南中部国家重点生态功能区(下称中部山区)为研究区域,基于In VEST模型,定量评价1998、2005和2013年生态系统水源涵养功能及空间变化特征,评价中部山区建设前后的水源涵养功能变化。结果表明:(1)研究区水源涵养量稳中趋降。1998、2005、2013年中部山区水源涵养总量分别为56.93亿、59.68亿、56.25亿m~3。从流域看,昌化江流域贡献了最高的水源涵养量,其次为万泉河流域。(2)通过多年的保护建设,中部山区调节洪水作用增强。1998、2005、2013年中部山区总产水量分别为97.3亿、97.6亿、93.5亿m~3。纵观3个年度中部山区的产水量,在2013年丰水年产水量较低,在1998、2005年平水年产水量较高,较好地起到了调节洪水的作用。从各流域情况看,昌化江流域贡献了最高的产水量,其次为万泉河流域。从时空分布来看,产水量由东向西逐步降低。(3)海南中部山区自2005年开始进行国家级重点生态功能区建设以来,天然林面积逐渐增加,生态系统防洪调水的功能大为加强。

Impact of Important Ecological Areas Establishment on Water Conservation in Central Hainan Mountain Area

Focusing on the key ecological functional areas of central Hainan (Hainan EIA) as the research area,by InVEST modelling,the water conservation function and spatial differentiation characteristics of ecosystem in 1998,2005 and 2013 were quantitatively evaluated,and the changes of water conservation function before and after construction in central mountainous area were evaluated.The results showed:①Conserving water in the area slowly decreased.The total water conservation of the middle mountain areas in 1998,2005 and 2013 was 5.693 billion,5.968 billion,5.625 billion m3,respectively.②Through years of protection and construction,Hainan EIA strengthened flood control.The total water yield of the middle mountain areas in 1998,2005 and 2013 was 9.730 billion,9.760 billion,9.350 billion m3,respectively.Throughout the three years,the amount of water produced in Hainan EIA has been relatively lower in 2013 than it was in 1998 and 2005 which showed a better flood control.Changhuajiang River basin contributed the most followed by Wanquanhe River basin.The amount of water produced from east to west gradually decreased.③Since 2005,Hainan EIA has been established,natural forest in these areas has gradually increased and the flood control of the ecosystem has been greatly strengthened.