我国稻田氮肥利用现状及对策

介绍了我国水稻生产中氮肥使用和利用情况,并从稻田土壤背景氮、杂交水稻和超级稻的应用、施肥时期和比例不合理、中期晒田等多方面分析了我国水稻氮肥利用率低的可能原因.初步探讨了从选育节氮高效水稻品种、研发和应用新型氮肥、改进稻田施肥时期和方法、科学使用硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂及节肥新技术推广应用等方面来提高水稻氮肥利用率的研究策略.

Development State and Strategy of Improving Fertilizer-nitrogen Use Efficiency of Paddy in China

The use and utilization of nitrogen （N） fertilizer in rice production in China were discussed. High indigenous soil N supply, appli- cation of hybrid rice and super rice, fertilizing time and its proportion is not reasonable, drained out water and dried the soil at maximum tille- ring stage could be the causes for the low fertilizer-N use efficiency in China. Therefore, future research work on improving fertilizer-N use effi- ciency of rice crop in China should focus on more on improving cultivar＇ s N responsiveness, breeding high fertilizer-N use efficiency of rice va- rieties, research and application of new type of nitrogen fertilizer, proper time and rate of N application based on crop N status, scientific use of nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors, application of new technology for save fertilizer and so on.