金杯藤叶提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

目的]对金杯藤叶的提取物进行体外抗菌活性测定及化学成分定性分析。方法]用浓度85％乙醇作溶剂，采用微波辅助提取获得总提物，随后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取；用纸片扩散法和微孔板二倍稀释法测定总提物及各萃取相对7种常见致病茵的抑茵圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。用系统预试法初步测定叶提取物的化学成分。结果]金杯藤叶总提物对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌有明显抗茵作用，而对铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯氏茵、乙型副伤寒沙门氏茵、大肠埃希氏茵等无抗茵作用；其中石油醚相和水相对3种革兰氏阳性茵有抗菌活性。金杯藤叶可能含有糖类、多糖及苷类、皂苷、有机酸、生物碱、黄酮、甾体及三萜类和强心苷类等成分。结论]金杯藤叶的总提物含多种生物活性物质，对革兰氏阳性菌有特异性抗菌活性，且有效成分存在于石油醚相和水相。

Study on Antibacterial Activities in vitro of Extracts from Solandra nitida

Objective ] To research preliminarily the antibacterial activities in vitro and the chemical composition of Solandra nitida. Meth- od ] The total extracts, which were extracted from the leaves of this plant with 85% alcohol by method of microwave assisted extraction, were fraetionated in turn by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water. The bacteriostatic circle, minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimal bactericida concentration （MBC） of the extracts against 7 species of common pathogenic bacteria were measured by disk diffusion method and mierotiter plate double dilution method. The extracted mixture from leaves of this plant with water, 95% ethanol and pet- rol ether was respectively experimented by test tube method. Result] The result showed that the total extracts, petroleum ether phase and wa- ter phase had obvious antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacterium such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but no inhibition against the Gram-negative bacterium such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebaiella pneumoniae, Salmonella para- typhi B and Escherichia coli. The leaves of Sohmdra nitida may contain sugar and polysaceharide and glycosides, saponins, organic acids, al- kaloids, flavonoids, steroids and triterpene, cardiac glycosides. Conclusion] The total extract from the leaves of S. nitida, which contains various bioactive substances, had antibacterial specificity against Gram-positive bacterium, and its active constituents may be in both petroleum ether phase and water phase.