藏獒血液蛋白多态性研究

［目的］了解藏獒血液蛋白基因座的遗传变异状况，为藏獒品种资源保护及合理开发利用提供理论依据。［方法］采用不连续垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对河曲藏獒、青海藏獒、青海藏狮犬和青海土种犬共4个群体103只犬的7个血液蛋白基因座（Tf、Po、Sα2、Hb、Alb、Pr、Amy）的多态性进行研究，并分析不同群体的群体内遗传变异。［结果］ 4个犬群中，Tf、Po和Sα2 3个基因座上存在多态性，其中Tf和Po分别由3个等位基因控制，Sα2 由2个等位基因控制，Hb、Alb、Pr和Amy基因座均呈现单态；藏獒群体的有效等位基因数（Ne）和Nei氏平均预期基因杂合度（H）分别为1.532 4和0.230 3，均高于其他犬群。［结论］ 藏獒群体内在血液蛋白位点上存在丰富的遗传变异。

Study on the Protein Polymorphism in the Blood of Tibetan Mastiff

Objective] The aim was to find out the genetic variations in blood protein of Tibetan Mastiff, and provide some theoretical basis for resource protection and reasonable development and utilization of Tibetan Mastiff.Method]A total of 103 blood samples were taken from four populations of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff, Qinhai Tibetan Mastiff, Tibetan Spaniel and native dogs of Qinghai. Seven blood protein locus(Tf, Po, Sα_2, Hb, Alb, Pr and Amy)were investigated by using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system. Then the genetic variation during different populations was analyzed. Result] Genetic variations were observed in Tf, Sα_2 and Po in four populations, others were not polymorphic. There were three alleles at the locus of Tf and Po, two alleles at the loci of Sα_2. Effective number of alleles and Nei's expected average heterozygosity were 1.532 4 and 0.230 3 relatively, all higher in Tibetan Mastiff than other populations. Conclusion] Genetic variations within population in blood protein lociof Tibetan Mastiff were richer than other populations.