东北典型黑土区土壤重金属污染现状评价与分析

针对东北典型黑土区域,以黑龙江省黑土重金属为研究对象,通过布点采样、检测分析,研究其污染现状,进行污染评价。结果表明:黑土土壤中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)7项土壤重金属元素平均含量均低于全国背景值。其相对高值区主要分布于双鸭山、鸡西、佳木斯所属的三江平原地区,其他地区仅有个别元素重金属含量相对稍高。各元素平均单因子污染指数均<1,属于未污染。采用内梅罗综合污染评价方法对个样点污染情况进行评价,发现超标样点为6个,超标率为0.9%。超标样点主要受Ni、Hg、Cd 3种元素污染的影响。对典型黑土区矿产资源的开采可能是影响黑土土壤重金属污染的最主要因素之一。另外,农药和化肥的不合理施用,生产中产生的固体废弃物和工业生产产生的污水等,也是影响黑土土壤质量的重要因素。

Appraisal and Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Typical Black Soil Region in the Northeast of China

According to the typical black soil region in the northeast of China,with the heavy metal of black soil in Heilongjiang Province as the research object,through the stationing sampling,testing analysis,the pollution status was studied and pollution evaluation was conducted.The results showed that: the average content of As,Cd,Co,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb in black soil are all below the national soil background value.The relatively higher values mainly in Shuangyashan,Jixi,Jamusi belong to Songnen Plain region,other areas only individual element of heavy metal content was relatively higher.The average single factor pollution index was less than 1,indicating no pollution.Nemerow comprehensive pollution evaluation method was adopted for evaluating sample pollution.It was found that 6 samples exceeding the standard,with exceeding rate 0.9%.The exceeding samples were mainly affected by Ni,Hg,Cd.For the typical black soil region,exploitation resources of mineral is the primary cause of soil environment pollution,in addition,improper use of pesticide and fertilizer,solid waste and sewage of industrial production,also are important factors for affecting black soil environmental quality.