两种蚕豆杂交新方法探索

目的]探索新的蚕豆杂交育种方法,提高蚕豆杂交育种的成功率和工作效率。方法]方法一与方法二均包括去雄、授粉、套牌、整枝四个步骤,区别在于其去雄的具体操作不同。结果]杂交新方法一的每小时去雄数、每小时一次性去雄成功数、一次性去雄成功率、授粉时间、每小时杂交花数、工作效率、座荚数和杂交结实成功率分别为：181朵1、26朵、69.61%0、.89 h、95.77朵2、.53、117个和64.64%。杂交新方法二的每小时去雄数、每小时一次性去雄成功数、一次性去雄成功率、授粉时间、每小时杂交花数、工作效率、座荚数和杂交结实成功率分别为：194朵1、67朵8、6.08%、0.95 h9、9.5朵2、.651、24个和63.92%。结论]两种新方法的工作效率都比传统方法高出2倍以上,其杂交结实成功率比传统方法提高了约1倍。

Exploration on the Two New Breeding Methods by Crossing for Fava Bean

Objective] The study aimed to explore new breeding methods by crossing for fava bean so as to enhance the success ratio and work efficiency of its cross breeding.Method] Both the first method and the second method included 4 steps which were detassel,pollination,labeling and training.The difference of the two methods was the concrete operation of detassel.Result] The detassel number per hour,success number of once detassel per hour,success ratio of once detassel,pollination time,cross bred flowers per hour,work efficiency,setting pods and success ratio of cross fertile of the first new breeding method by crossing were 181 flowers,126 flowers,69.61%,0.89 h,95.77 flowers,2.53,117 pods and 64.64%.The detassel number per hour,success number of once detassel per hour,success ratio of once detassel,pollination time,cross bred flowers per hour,work efficiency,setting pods and success ratio of cross fertile of the second new breeding method by crossing were 194 flowers,167 flowers,86.08%,0.95 h,99.5 flowers,2.65,124 flowers and 63.92%.Conclusion] Compared with traditional method,the work efficiencies of the two new methods were more than 2 times higher and their success ratios of cross fertile were enhanced by about one time.