中国植物品种权维持特征及影响因素生存分析

在植物新品种保护的维持年费制度下,品种权人的维持决策决定品种权生存状况,体现品种权有效保护期限,为植物新品种保护维持制度的完善提供决策依据。基于中国农业部植物新品种保护办公室1997—2017年植物新品种保护申请、授权和品种权事务公告数据,利用Kaplan-Meier估计、Cox-PH模型对植物品种权的生存函数和维持时间影响因素进行了实证分析。研究发现:植物品种权总体平均维持时间较短,不足法定保护期限的1/4;植物品种权维持时间的影响因素包括品种人类型、审查周期、共同品种权人、培育人数量,其影响程度依次降低;培育人数、有共同品权人对植物品种权维持时间有积极影响,审查周期对品种权维持时间有负向影响。国内外植物品种权生存函数不存在显著差异;种业企业和个人等私人部门的授权品种比农业科研院所和大学的维持年限更长、生存比率更高;植物新品种保护制度的维持年费具有筛选作用,可以过滤质量低、不具有经济价值的植物品种权。

Survival Analysis on Maintaining Characteristics of Plant Variety Rights and Influencing Factors

Under the renewal system for the plants varieties protection,the plant variety renewal decisions determine the maintenance time and reflect the quality of the plant variety rights to provide a solid basis for decision-making to improve the plant variety protection and maintenance system.Based on the data from the Office for the Protection of New Plant Varieties,the Ministry of Agriculture of China on the application,author-ization and variety rights announcement from 1997 to 2017,this paper uses Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox-PH model to empirically analyze the survival function and the factors affecting the maintenance time.The average duration of the plant variety rights is relatively short,less than a quarter of the legal protection period.The influencing factors of plant variety right maintenance time include breeder type,review period,co-right-ers and nurturers,and their influence degree decreases in turn.Breeders and co-righters have a positive impact on the maintenance of plant variety rights.The review cycle has a negative impact on the maintenance of variety rights.There is no significant difference in the quality of plant species at home and abroad.Plant variety rights in the private sector,such as seed companies and individuals,have longer lives,higher survival probability and better quality than agricultural research institutes and universities.The annual maintenance fee for the protection of new varieties of plants has the function of screening and can filter the plant varieties rights with low quality and no economic value.