果胶酶和木瓜蛋白酶复合提取褐藻淀粉工艺的研究

目的]寻找复合酶法制造褐藻淀粉的最佳工艺条件,以提高海带原料的利用率。方法]试验组采用酶提法从海带中提取褐藻淀粉,对照组采用水提法。酶提法又分为分步加酶先加果胶酶（pH4.2,50℃,2h）,然后加木瓜蛋白酶（pH6.0,55℃,2h）]与同步加酶（pH5.5,55℃,4h）2种方法,通过正交试验比较2种方法提取褐藻淀粉的效果。结果]分步加酶法比同步加酶法褐藻淀粉和总糖的提取率及多糖含量都有显著提高。分步加酶法提取的褐藻淀粉、总糖的提取率分别为1.98%、9.83%,比同步加酶法分别提高了35.33%、32.46%;分步加酶法提取的总糖及褐藻淀粉含量分别为46.26%和51.02%,比同步加酶法分别提高了3.26%和4.38%。分步加酶法的最佳提取条件是用0.10mol/LHCl溶解海带粉,试样与浸提液用量比为1：20（g：ml）,试样与酶用量比为1：30（g：mg）。结论]复合酶法是提取褐藻淀粉的较好方法,尤其是分步加酶法可以提高褐藻淀粉提取率和含量。

Research on the Extraction Technology of Laminaria Starch by Means of the Combination of Pectinase and Papain

Objective]The utilization rate of the kelp(Laminaria japonica Aresch.) as raw material would be improved based on the experiment in the extraction technology of laminaria starch by means of the treatment of compound enzyme.Method]The laminaria starch was extracted with enzyme or water(CK).There were two methods in the laminaria starch extracted with enzyme,the first one(Treatment I) was the pectinase was firstly added under the condition of the pH value of 4.2 and the temperature of 50 ℃ for treatment of 2 hours and then the papain was added under the condition of the pH value of 6.0 and the temperature of 55 ℃ for treatment of 2 hours;and the second one(Treatment II) was two kinds of enzyme mentioned above were added at same time under the condition of the pH value of 5.5 and the temperature of 55 ℃ for treatment of 4 hours.The orthogonal design was adopted in the research for the comparison of the extracting efficiency.Result]The extracting rate of laminaria starch and total sugar and the content of polysaccharide in Treatment I were significantly higher than those in Treatment II.In Treatment I,the extracting rate of laminaria starch and total sugar was 1.98% and 9.83%,which were 35.33% and 32.46% more than those in Treatment II and in Treatment I,the content of laminaria starch and total sugar was 46.26% and 51.02%,which were 3.26% and 4.38% more than those in Treatment II,respectively.The best extracting condition of Treatment I was the kelp was dissolved with HCl of 0.10 mol/L,the ratio of raw material to extracting solution was 1:20(g:ml),the ratio of raw material to enzyme was 1:30(g:mg).Conclusion]The optimal method of the laminaria starch extracted from kelp was the treatment of compound enzyme,especially for the Treatment I,which could raised the extracting efficiency.