黄浦江上游渔业水域鱼类组成及多样性

2007～2008年在黄浦江上游渔业水域横潦泾和斜塘分别设立1个监测点,分春、夏、秋、冬季采集鱼类样品。横潦泾共采集2 521个鱼类标本,隶属4目、8科、34属,主要优势种有麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、斑条鱊(Ataenianalis)等。斜塘共采集2 088个鱼类标本,隶属5目、12科、27属,主要优势种有似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、鲫(Carassius aura-tus)等。利用香农威纳指数(H')、物种均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)方法分析2个水域鱼类组成及多样性。结果表明,2个水域四季的香农威纳指数(H')和物种均匀度指数(J)均为春季秋季冬季夏季,物种丰富度指数(D)为春季秋季夏季冬季。横潦泾水域全年的物种丰富度指数(D)要明显高于斜塘。刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)等的洄游活动以及溶解氧、水温等环境因素对物种多样性的季节变化起到明显的作用。浮游植物丰度的区域差异影响到植食性鱼类种类的分布,进而影响到了鱼类多样性指标的空间分布。此外,水流等环境因素以及航运等人为因素对鱼类多样性指标的空间分布也起到明显作用。

Component and Diversity of Fishes in the Fishery Water of Upper Reaches of the Huangpu River

In the fishery water,upstream of the Huangpu River,two sampling stations were set up separately at Hengliaojing and Xietang to gather fish samples in spring,summer,autumn and winter.A total 2521 samples were gathered at Hengliaojing,belonging to 4 orders,8 familes and 27 genus.The dominant species were Pseudorasbora parva,Carassius auratus and Ataenianalis etc.2088 samples were gathered at Xietang,belonging to 5 orders,12 families and 27 genus.The main dominant species were Pseudobrama simony,Pseudorasbora parva and Carassius auratus etc.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′）,Pielou Uniformity index（J） and Margalef abundance index（D） were used to analyze the fish diversity and component in two waters.The result showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′） and Pielou Uniformity index（J） from high to low was spring,autumn,winter and summer.While Margalef abundance index（D） from high to low was spring,autumn,summer and winter.For Hengliaojing,the whole year of Margalef abundance index（D） is much higher than that of Xietang.The seasonal variation of fish diversity was affected obviously by the migratory activities of related species such as Coilia ectenes,Anguilla japonica and some environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen and water temperature and so on.And the space distribution of fish diversity was affected not only by one of phytophagous fishes which was related to the space variation of phytoplankton,but also by the water current and the cargo shipping.