北京都市水源涵养林建设与植被承载力问题探讨

生态环境防护已成为北京都市水源涵养林系统的主要功能。然而,随着大规模林业工程的实施,都市水源涵养林建设和城市生活用水的矛盾日益突出。人们首先担心不当的造林和森林经营会导致水资源减少,如流域产水量降低,水库水容量减少,从而限制区域发展;其次,天然雨水资源所能支撑的植被承载力有限致使新建森林植被随着生长出现稳定性下降、健康退化和生态服务功能降低。基于此,从有利于区域可持续发展和林业可持续发展的角度出发,分析了北京都市水源涵养林建设的必要性和亟待解决的问题,认为在水源涵养林建设的可持续发展中需要综合考虑水资源管理的问题,加强植被承载力的研究。

Research on the Construction and Vegetation Carrying Capacity of Urban Water Source Conservation Forest in Beijing

The eco-environmental protection has been defined as the main function of urban water source conservation forest in Beijing.However,there is an increasing conflict between forestry and vegetation capacity notably when large-scale forestry projects are implemented.As a result of improper afforestation and forest management,the water resources,such as runoff from watershed and reservoir water capacity,would be reduced,which might hamper the sustainable regional development;Since the vegetation carrying capacity supported by rainwater resources is very limited,the new vegetations might become unstable and degraded with the ecological functions decreased.On this basis,the necessity and problems to be solved of the construction of urban water conservation forest in Beijing were analyzed from the regional and forestry sustainable development.It is believed that the management of water resources and the study of vegetation carrying capacity should be comprehensively considered for the sustainable development of the water source conservation forest.