陕西省产地水产品中重金属分布特征及食用安全评价

目的]探讨陕西省产地养殖鱼类重金属的含量水平、分布特征以及食用安全。方法]以陕西省主要水产品养殖区的主要养殖品种为抽样监测对象,应用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法,分别测定陕西省陕南、关中、陕北7个地市随机采集的当地主要养殖水产品肌肉中锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量。并依据食品中污染物限量国家标准和水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准分析重金属在陕西省养殖水产品中的分布特征和食用安全性。结果]陕西省养殖水产品肌肉中重金属平均含量依次为ZnCuHgPbAsCd;其中Zn检出率最高,为100%,As检出率最低,为39.3%;Zn、Cu、As、Hg含量水平在不同食性养殖水产品中存在显著性差异,Pb和Cd含量水平无显著差异;陕西省不同地区养殖水产品As和Hg含量水平存在显著性差异,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd含量水平无显著性差异。食用安全性评价表明,陕西省主要养殖水产品的重金属综合污染指数小于1.0,无污染;综合污染指数关中地区(0.154)陕南地区(0.085)陕北地区(0.061)。结论]研究可为渔业管理部门了解水产品质量安全状况,开展渔业环境及水产品质量安全监管提供参考依据。

The Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metal in Aquatic Products and Edible Safety Evaluation in Shaanxi Province

Objective] To discuss heavy metal content,distribution characteristics and edible safety of aquatic products from Shaanxi Province.Method] With main breeding varieties in Shaanxi Province as monitoring objects,the concentrations of Zn,Cu,Hg,As,Cd,Pb existing in muscle of local main cultured fishes in seven cities which belong to Southern Shaanxi,Guanzhong area and Northern Shaanxi were assayed with atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) respectively.At the same time,the distribution characteristics of heavy metal in cultured fishes and edible safety of these fishes in Shannxi Province were analyzed according to GB2762-2012 and NY5073-2006.Result] The results showed that concentrations of heavy metal in muscle of these fishes decreased in turn as Zn>Cu>Hg>Pb>As>Cd.The detectable rate of Zn was highest(100%) and As was lowest(39.3%).The concentrations of Zn,Cu,As,Hg in fishes with different feeding habits had significant difference,but Pb and Cd haven't.The concentrations of As and Hg in fishes of different regions in Shaanxi Province had significant difference,but Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd haven't.The edible safety evaluation indicated that the pollution index of heavy metals of main cultured fishes in Shaanxi Province was lower than 1.0,so there was no pollution.The comprehensive pollution index of Guanzhong region was the highest(0.154),the Southern Shaanxi was 0.085(0.085) and the Northern Shaanxi was the lowest(0.061).Conclusion] The study can provide reference for fishery management departments to understand the quality and safety of aquatic products,carry out fishery environment and aquatic products quality and safety supervision.