枣园地面覆盖对土壤地温和红枣生长发育的影响

目的]以南疆枣园生态系统为研究对象,研究不同地表覆盖模式对果园土壤温度和红枣生长发育的影响,寻找最优地表覆盖模式,为红枣高产优质生产提供参考.方法]在翻耕覆膜、翻耕秸秆覆盖、翻耕裸地和免耕裸地条件下,对5年骏枣枣园的土壤温度、枣果生长发育、枣果生长动态、枣外观品质进行测量.结果]0 ～25 cm土层土壤平均温度翻耕覆膜＞翻耕裸地＞免耕裸地＞翻耕秸秆覆盖.在生育期内,秸秆覆盖处理的综合生长量（二次枝长、二次枝粗）高于其他3个处理,促进枣树生长发育.不同覆盖处理措施中,秸秆覆盖下的枣品质最好,覆膜次之.结论]综合考虑不同覆盖措施的效应,秸秆覆盖比较适宜新疆地区红枣生产中推广应用.

Effects of Mulching on Soil Temperature and Jujube Trees Growth and Development in Jujube Orchards

Objective] Taking jujube orchard ecosystems in southern group as test object,the effects of different patterns surface mulching on the soil properties and jujube trees growth and yield in this orchard were studied,then to find out the optimized mulching mode and provide a reference for the high yield and good quality production of jujube.Method] Under conditions of the plowing tillage and film mulching,the plowing tillage and straw mulching,the plowing tillage and no mulching,the no-tillage and no mulching,the soil temperature and the growth and development,growth dynamics and appearance quality of Junzao jujube in 5-year-old jujube orchards were determined.Result] The average soil temperature of 0-25 cm soil layer of 4 kinds of mulching modes were as follows：the plowing tillage and film mulching ＞ the plowing tillage and no mulching ＞ the no-tillage and no mulching ＞ the plowing tillage and straw mulching.In the whole growth period,the comprehensive growth amount（the length and diameter of the second times braches） of the plowing tillage and straw mulching treatment was higher than that of the other three treatments,promoted the growth and development of jujube tree.In different mulching treatments,the jujube quality of the plowing tillage and straw mulching treatment was the best,and the film mulching was the next.Conclusion] Considering the effects of different mulching measures,straw mulching was more appropriate for promotion and use of red jujube in Xinjiang region.