粳稻产量与品质性状间关系的研究

目的]探明粳稻的产量构成因素以及品质性状间的关系。方法]以2006年辽宁省区试中晚熟组的35个粳稻品种为试材,对水稻产量构成、品质性状及其相互关系进行了研究。结果]参试材料的垩白率、垩白度和整精米率达标情况较差,是辽宁省水稻育种品质改良的重点;糙米率、精米率与垩白率呈显著负相关(r=-0.404*,-0.550**),成粒率与垩白率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.467**),表明提高成粒率有助于降低垩白从而提高碾磨品质;每穗颖花数与糙米率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.505**),与精米率负相关也达显著水平(r=-0.412*),而每穗颖花数又受到单位面积穗数的直接影响,产量及各产量构成因素对食味值的相关性不显著。结论]适当降低每穗颖花数和提高成粒率、千粒重可在一定程度上协调粳稻产量与品质的矛盾。

Study on the Relationship between Yield Components and Quality Traits in Japonica Rice

Objective] The study aimed to prove up the relationship between yield components and quality traits in japonica rice.Method] With 35 japonica rice varieties in middle late maturing japonica rice group in Liaoning regional test in 2006 as tested materials,the yield components,quality traits and the relationship among them were studied.Result] The chalky grain rate,chalkiness and the head milled rice rate of tested varieties were less to reach the quality standard,so they were the important traits for improving the rice quality in Liaoning province.The brown rice rate and milled rice rate had significantly negative correlation with chalky grain rate(r=-0.404*,-0.550**),and the ripened grain rate had extremely significantly negative correlation with the chalky grain rate (r=-0.467**),showing that increasing ripened grain rate was helpful to decrease the chalkiness and improve the milling quality.The spikelets per panicle had extremely significantly negative correlation with the brown rice rate(r=-0.505**),and its negative correlation with the milled rice rate reached the significant level(r=-0.412*).But the spikelets per panicle were affected directly by the number of panicles per unit area.The yield and its components had no significant correlation with the rice taste value.Conclusion] Suitably increasing the spikelets per panicle and increasing the ripened grain rate and 1000-grain weight can harmonize the contradiction between the yield and quality in japonica rice.