玉米秸秆还田对小麦生长和土壤水分含量的影响

目的]研究不同玉米秸秆还田量对小麦生长和砂姜黑土水分状况的影响,探讨适宜的秸秆还田量。方法]设置0、1 500、3 000、4 500和6 000 kg/hm~2玉米干秸秆粉碎还田量,小麦主要生育期采集0~10、10~20 cm土壤样品,测定水分含量;收获期考察小麦产量结构性状。结果]实施玉米秸秆粉碎直接还田对后季小麦生长发育具有良好的促进作用,籽粒产量增长3.49%~7.09%,平均提高4.94%,3 000 kg/hm~2的中等秸秆用量处理小麦产量最高。小麦拔节期、孕穗期和开花期0~10 cm、10~20 cm以及0~20 cm土层水分含量显著提高,减轻了土壤干旱程度。结论]当前生产水平下,淮北平原砂姜黑土地区玉米秸秆适宜还田量为3 000 kg/hm~2。

Response of Wheat Growth and Soil Moisture Content to Corn Straw Returned to Field

Objective] Response of wheat growth and moisture status of lime concern black soil to rate of corn straw returned to field was conducted so as to seek the suitable amount.Method] Five rates of corn straw 0, 1 500,3 000,4 500 and 6 000 kg/hm2 returned to field were designed and soil moisture content of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth was analyzed in the main period of wheat growth, yield components were reviewed in wheat mature stage.Result] There was a better accelerated effect of corn straw directly returned to field on wheat growth late season, seed yield increased by 3.49%-7.09%,averagely 4.94%, and the treatment of 3 000 kg/hm2 corn straw rate obtained the highest yield.Soil moisture content of 0-10, 10-20 and 0-20 cm improved obviously in the stage of jointing, booting and flowering so that the drought degree was alleviated.Conclusion] The suitable rate of corn straw directly returned to field was 3 000 kg/hm2 at present production in lime concern black soil of Huaibei Plain.