安徽省江淮地区水稻高温热害发生规律及其对产量结构的影响

以安徽省江淮地区14个气象观测站1961—2013年逐日平均气温、日最高气温气象数据为基础,采用线性趋势法,分析了江淮地区高温热害发生次数和日数、时间分布、极端最高气温等变化特征,并分析高温热害发生日数对水稻结实率、千粒重的影响。结果表明,近53年安徽省江淮地区水稻高温热害发生次数、日数均无明显变化趋势;水稻高温热害开始时间主要在7月中下旬,结束时间主要在8月上中旬;极端最高气温呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),增幅为0.15℃/10 a;高温热害日数与水稻结实率、千粒重呈显著负相关关系,高温热害对水稻结实率的影响大于对千粒重的影响。

Occurrence Regularity of High Temperature Heat Injury in Rice and Its Effects on Yield Structure in Jianghuai Region of Anhui Province

Based on the meteorological data of the daily average temperature and daily maximum temperature of 14 meteorological observatories in Jianghuai region of Anhui Province during 1961-2013,the linear trend method was used to analyze the change characteristics of the times,days and temporal distribution of high temperature heat injury and the extreme maximum temperature in Jianghuai area.The effects of days of high temperature heat injury on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were analyzed.The results showed that there were no significant changes in the times and days of high temperature heat injury in Jianghuai region in Anhui Province in recent 53 years.The beginning time of high temperature heat injury in rice was mainly in the middle and late July, and the end time was mainly in the middle of August.The extreme maximum temperature was significantly increased (P<0.05),the increase rate was 0.15 ℃/10 a.There was a significant negative correlation between the days of high temperature heat injury and rice seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.The effect of high temperature heat injury on rice seed setting rate was greater than that on 1000-grain weight.