氮肥施用对信麦9号生长发育和产量的影响

目的]研究豫南稻茬小麦合理的氮肥施用量及其适宜播种方式。方法]以信麦9号为材料,研究信麦9号在条播和撒播2种播种方式下,不同氮肥(0、150和225 kg/hm~2)施用量对信麦9号植株生长发育及其产量的影响。结果]增施氮肥可显著提高小麦产量,主要是通过在保证穗数的前提下,提高穗粒数来实现的,而对千粒重的影响较小。增施氮肥显著提高信麦9号的株高、穗长及其每穗小穗数,降低不孕小穗数;其中不孕小穗数对产量的影响更大。增施氮肥显著降低了植株主茎叶龄,增加了单株次生根条数及叶片的叶绿素含量,改善了信麦9号的茎蘖动态变化。撒播与条播相比,撒播在适氮环境下产量较高,条播在高氮环境下产量较高。结论]在一定范围内增施氮肥可显著提高小麦的产量,改善植株的生长发育,可对豫南稻茬麦区信麦9号的生产提供科学的理论指导。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth and Development of Plant,and Grain Yield in Xinmai 9

Objective] The aim is to research the reasonable nitrogen application rates and proper sowing methods. Method ] Taking Xinmai 9 as trial material,the effects of nitrogen application rates on growth and development and grain yield of wheat were studied using two sowing methods(mechanical drilling and artificial broadcasting)and three nitrogen levels(0,150,225 kg/hm2) . Result] The application of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield of wheat significantly by ensuring spike number mainly and grain number per spike,but the effect on 1000-grain weight was not significant. The application of N fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,spike length and the number of grains per spike, but decreased the number of infertile ears;and the effect of the number of infertile ears on grain yield was greater. The appli-cation of N fertilizer significantly decreased leaf age of main stem,but increased secondary roots and chlorophyll content of flag leaf,and im-proved the dynamic of tillers of Xinmai 9 . Compared with the mechanical drilling, the grain yield of artificial broadcasting was higher under low-N,but the grain yield of mechanical drilling was higher under high-N. Conclusion] The application of N fertilizer within certain limits could increase the grain yield of wheat significantly,and improve the growth and development of winter wheat plant,which can offer theoretical guidance for winter wheat production in southern Henan Province.