河道底泥的生物降解特性研究

目的]探索河道底泥的生物降解特性。方法]对河北省某河段底泥中有机质进行模拟试验,研究底泥中化学需氧量(CODcr)、氨氮、总氮和总磷的变化,分析异养菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌对河道底泥中生物的降解机制。结果]河道底泥中氨氮、总磷、总氮和化学需氧量的变化与各种微生物的数量呈正相关。溶解氧对异养细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌有较大影响。氧气充足时,异养细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌的数量大幅增加,对氨氮和CODcr有明显的去除效果。在没有外来污染源持续进入的情况下,未投加外来菌液的反应器的出水效果优于投加菌剂的反应器。结论]充足的溶解氧有利于进行氨化细菌等好氧菌的生命活动和改善出水水质。

Study on the Biodegradation Characteristics of River Sediment

Objective] The aim of the research was to explore the biodegradation characteristics of river sediment.Method] A simulation test was made on the organic matters in the sediment from a river of Hebei province to study the changes of chemical oxygen demand(CODcr),ammonia N,total N and total P in the sediment.And the degradation mechanisms of heterotrophic bacteria,ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria on biology in river sediment were analyzed.Result] The changes of ammonia N,total N and total P in river sediment showed a positive correlation with the number of all kinds of microorganisms.The dissolved oxygen had greater effects on heterotrophic bacteria,ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.When oxygen was enough,the number of heterotrophic bacteria,ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria were greatly increased and they had obvious removal effects on ammonia N and CODcr.Under the conditions that foreign pollution sources didn't entered into the river continuously,the effluent effect in the reactor without adding foreign bacterial solution was better than that in the reactor with adding bacterial agent.Conclusion] Enough dissolved oxygen was be propitious to make the life activities of aerobic bacteria such as ammonifying bacteria and improve the outlet water quality.