基于RS和GIS的土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响——以北京市为例

基于遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以Landsat TM图像为基本数据,应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式和谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,研究了北京市1995～2000年土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:研究期内,北京市耕地、林地、水域、未利用地面积净减,其中林地减少最多;草地、居住建设用地净增,其中居住建设用地增加最多;研究区内生态系统服务功能年度经济价值从1995年的2 151.54×107元减少到2000年的2 080.16×107元,林地、耕地、水域向居住建设用地、草地(城市绿化用地)转化是主要原因;生态系统单项功能服务价值中气体调节、气候调节等9项指标全部在减少,其中水源涵养和土壤形成与保护减幅最大。

Effects of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Value Based on RS and GIS Technology

Based on the remote sensing images(RS) and geographic information system(GIS) techniques and the Landsat TM data,effects of land use change on ecosystem service value in Beijing from 1995 to 2000 were studied by applying the table of Chinese land ecosystem services value of unit area,the ESV computing formula and ESV coefficients.Results showed that farmland,woodland,water area and unused land areas net decreased during the research period.Among them,woodland decreased most.Lawn and residential construction land showed net increase and residential construction land enhanced most.Annual economic value of ecosystem service function in research region decreased from 2 151.54×107 yuan in 1995 to 2 080.16×107 yuan in 2000,with the decrease value being 71.37×107 yuan.The main causation was the transformation from farmland,woodland and water area to residential construction land and lawn(urban greenbelt).Nine indices including gas regulation,climate regulation and so on all reduced in single service function of ecosystem,among which,water conservation and land formation and protection decreased most.