高产小麦旗叶与穗粒重关系的研究

目的]为高产小麦新品种的选育提供依据。方法]以12个高产冬小麦新品种(系)为试验材料,研究了密植条件下小麦旗叶与穗粒重及构成因子的关系。结果]12个供试品种的旗叶长、宽和面积与穗粒重、穗粒数均呈正相关,与千粒重呈负相关,其中旗叶宽、面积与穗粒数达极显著正相关。穗粒数、千粒重与穗粒重呈正相关,穗粒数对穗粒重的作用大于千粒重,穗粒数与千粒重呈负相关关系。旗叶长、宽对穗粒重、穗粒数、千粒重的直接影响均为负值,旗叶面积对穗粒重、穗粒数、千粒重的直接影响最大,旗叶宽的间接影响大于旗叶长的间接影响。结论]旗叶面积是影响穗粒重及其构成因子的重要因素。穗粒数对穗粒重的贡献最大,在育种中提高穗粒数应注意选择旗叶的宽与面积。

Study on the Relationship between the Flag Leaves and Ear Grain Weight of High-yield Wheat

Objective] The aim of the study was to provide basis for breeding new high-yield wheat variety.Method] With 12 new high-yield varieties(series) of winter wheat as tested material,the relationship between wheat flag leaf and grain weight per ear,component factors under the condition of compact planting was studied.Result] All the length,width and area of flag leaf of 12 tested varieties showed positive correlation with grain weight and grain number per ear,and showed negative correlation with 1 000-seed weight,in which the positive correlation between width and area of flag leaf and grain number per ear reached extremely significant level.Grain number per ear and 1 000-seed weight showed positive correlation with grain weight per ear,the effect of grain number per ear on grain weight per ear was bigger than length of 1 000-seed weight,and grain number per ear showed negative correlation with 1 000-seed weight.The direct influences of both length and width of flag leaf on grain weight per ear,grain number per ear and 1 000-seed weight were negative values,and that of flag leaf area on these 3 indexes were biggest.The indirect effect of flag leaf width was bigger than length of flag leaf.Conclusion] The area of flag leaf was important factor influencing grain weight per ear and its component factors.The contribution of grain number per ear to grain weight per ear was biggest,and the width and area selection of flag leaf should be given attention in enhancing ear grain number in wheat breeding.