不同施肥措施对安康市无公害设施蔬菜栽培土壤质量的影响

目的]为设施条件下无公害蔬菜的可持续发展提供理论依据。方法]对安康市3个蔬菜基地89个设施蔬菜大棚的施肥现状进行了调查,分析了不同施肥模式下土壤养分、盐分等含量的变化规律及其对蔬菜生长的影响。结果]调查区过量施用氮肥和磷肥而不重视施用有机肥和钾肥的现象普遍存在,习惯施肥模式导致设施菜地土壤硝态氮（90.17mg/kg）和有效磷（171.6mg/kg）的平均含量偏高,而使有机质（11.98g/kg）和速效钾（155.5mg/kg）的平均含量偏低;设施菜地土壤电导率明显高于露天菜地,而土壤pH值低于露天菜地（最低值达4.81）,菜地土壤具有明显酸化趋势。结论]合理的施肥措施是发展无公害蔬菜设施栽培的重要保障。

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Quality of Cultivating Soil for Non-polluted Protected Vegetable in Ankang City

Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development of non-polluted protected vegetable.Method] The fertilization status of 89 greenhouses for protected vegetable in 3 vegetable bases of Ankang City was investigated,and the change laws of contents of nutrients and salts in soil and their effects on growth of vegetable under different fertilization models were analyzed.Result] In investigated areas,the excessive application of nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P)fertilizers was general and the application of organic and potassium(K)fertilizers got no emphasis.The conventional fertilization model made the average contents of nitrate N and available P in the soil of protected vegetable field be a little higher(being 90.17 and 171.6 mg/kg resp.),and made the average contents of organic matter and available K be a little lower(being 11.98 g/kg and 155.5 mg/kg resp.).The soil conductivity of protected vegetable field was obviously higher than that of open vegetable field and its soil pH value(with the lowest pH value of 4.81)was lower than that of open vegetable field.The soil of protected vegetable field had obvious acidification trend.Conclusion] The reasonable fertilization measure was an important guarantee for developing protected cultivation of non-polluted vegetable.