早酥梨授粉结实能力初探

目的]研究早酥梨的授粉结实能力,为其高产栽培提供依据。方法]对3种梨树品种的花期物候期进行观测,对照园中以园内无授粉品种而园周围有授粉品种(砀山酥和黄县长把梨)的为CK1,以园内配置2个授粉品种为CK2,供试园中套袋隔离早酥梨的花序,以上均为自然授粉,最终调查各种花序、花朵的坐果数。结果]黄县长把梨的始花期和盛花期比早酥梨早2 d;砀山酥梨的始花期和盛花期比早酥梨晚1 d,均可作为早酥梨的授粉品种。早酥梨自花授粉的花序和花朵的坐果率分别为13.3%和4.9%;CK1和CK2的花序、花朵的坐果率分别为64.5%、14.5%和81.1%、30.6%。结论]早酥梨虽有一定的自花授粉结实能力,但不能满足生产的需要,配置授粉品种能明显提高其坐果率。

Preliminary Study on Pollination and Fruiting Ability of Zaosu Pear

Objective] The study aimed to research the pollination and fruiting ability of Zaosu pear and provide the basis for its high yield cultivation.Method] The phenophase of florescence in 3 pear varieties were observed.In control pear orchard,the pear trees without pollination varieties in pear orchard but with pollination varieties(Dangshansu pear and Huangxianchangba pear) around the pear orchard were taken as CK1 and the pear trees with 2 pollination varieties in pear orchard were taken as CK2.In tested pear orchard the inflorescence of Zaosu pear was isolated by bagging.They above were all naturally pollinated and their fruit setting number of inflorescences and flowers were investigated finally.Result] The initial flowering stage and full-bloom stage of Huangxianchangba pear was 2 d earlier than that of Zaosu pear,while that of Dangshansu pear was 1 d later than that of Zaosu pear,they all could be used as the pollination varieties of Zaosu pear.The fruit setting rate of self-pollination inflorescences and flowers of Zaosu pear were 13.3% and 4.9% resp,and that of CK1 and CK2 were 64.5%,14.5% and 81.1%,30.6% resp.Conclusion] Although Zaosu pear had some self-pollination and fruiting ability,but it could not fit the need of production,and its fruit setting rate could be increased obviously when pollination variety was allocated.