小麦收获指数与产量关系研究

目的]明确收获指数在小麦品种选育中的作用。方法]选用特早熟、中早熟和中晚熟小麦,设低、中、高3个种植密度,研究不同熟期类型小麦收获指数与产量的关系。结果]中密度下,株高和穗长与群体产量呈正相关,与个体产量呈负相关,倒二叶面积、旗叶长、倒二叶长和宽对群体产量有利;高密度下,穗长与群体、个体产量均呈正相关,株高、旗叶面积和倒二叶面积则呈负相关。灌浆速度和灌浆持续期在中高密度下均与群体产量呈正相关。收获指数与籽粒产量呈正相关。株高、穗长、叶面积、穗粒重、灌浆速率、株高构成指数、结实小穗数和粒叶比等与收获指数和群体产量的关系密切。不同类型品种在不同竞争环境下的单株生物产量差别不同。结论]小麦高产品种的选育应将收获指数和生物量同时作为选择指标。

Study on the connection between Harvest Index and Yield

Objective] The study aimed to confirm the function of harvest index in the cultivar breeding of wheat. Method] Especial-early, mid-early and mid-late mature wheat were selected and 3 planting densities of low, middle and high were set up to study the relationship between harvest index and yield of wheat cultivars with different maturing dates. Result] Under middle density, the plant height and ear length had positive correlation with population yield and negative correlation with individual yield, and the area, length and width of the second leaf above and flag leaf length were in favor of population yield. Under high density, the ear length had positive correlation with both population and individual yields and negative correlation with plant height, flag leaf area and the area of the second leaf above. Under middle and high densities, both filling velocity and duration had positive correlation with population yield. Harvest index had positive correlation with grains yield. Plant height, ear length, leaf area, grain weight per ear, filling velocity, plant height component index, fruiting spikelet number and ratio of grain to leaf etc had close correlation with harvest index and population yield. The biomass differences per plant of different cultivars were different under different competing environments. Conclusion] Harvest index and biomass should be used as selection indices in the breeding of wheat cultivars with high yield.