抗穗发芽?抗倒伏及早穗型小麦种质的筛选

目的]筛选适宜河南省南阳地区种植的优异小麦种质资源。方法]在隶属黄淮麦区的陕西杨凌种植296份小麦品种,对这些品种同时进行抗穗发芽性、抗倒性及早穗型鉴定。结果]在对抗穗发芽方法进行优化的同时,对穗发芽抗性进行分级,找到适宜进行穗发芽抗性鉴定的最佳阶段为6月20日之前,筛选出113份抗穗发芽材料,其中31份对穗发芽表现为高抗,82份为中抗。采用穗发芽标记Vp1B3对113份抗穗发芽材料进行检测,发现3.5%的材料含845 bp带型,69.0%的材料含569 bp带型,27.5%的材料含652 bp带型,进一步表明569 bp的带型为抗性条带;充分利用杨凌地区2014年4月中上旬自然大风进行抗倒性鉴定,筛选了203份抗倒伏材料;以周麦18为对照筛选出136份早穗型冬性材料,以偃展4110为对照筛选出35份早穗型春性材料;最终筛选出抗穗发芽、抗倒伏、早穗型的种质20份。结论]该研究可为南阳地区抗穗发芽、抗倒伏及早穗型材料的引种提供参考。

Screening of Wheat Germplasm Containing Preh-arvest Sprouting Resistance,Lodging Resistance and Early Earing Properties

Objective] To screen excellent wheat germplasm resources which were suitable for planting in Nanyang region of Henan Province. Method] A total of 296 wheat varieties were planted in Yangling City of Shaanxi Province, which belonged to Huanghuai region.We identified the pre-harvest sprouting resistance, lodging resistance and early earing of these varieties.Method] We not only optimized the methods of identi-fying pre-harvest sprouting resistance, but also graded levels of pre-harvest sprouting resistance.Finally, it was discovered that the best time to i-dentify pre-harvest sprouting resistance was before 20 June.Among the 113 screened varieties which assumed pre-harvest sprouting resistance, 31 varieties assumed high resistance, and 82 varieties assumed moderate resistance.The pre-harvest sprouting mark Vp1B3 was used to test 113 ma-terials which showed pre-harvest sprouting resistance properties, and it was discovered that 3.5%of the total materials contained the band type of 845 bp, 69.0% containing 569 bp, 27.5% containing 652 bp, which showed that the band type of 569 bp was exactly the resistance band.By making full use of natural wind in Yangling region during early April 2014, 203 varieties which assumed lodging resistance were screened.With zhoumai18 as comparison, 136 early earing winter varieties were screened;and 35 early earing spring varieties were screened with yanzhan4110 as comparison.By doing the above researches, 20 wheat germplasm which contained pre-harvest sprouting resistance, lodging resistance and early earing properties were ultimately screened.Conclusion] This research provided references for the introduction of wheat germplasm containing pre-harvest sprouting resistance, lodging resistance and early earing properties in Nanyang Area.