不同灌溉施肥方式对马铃薯产量及土壤盐分迁移的影响

目的]研究不同灌溉方式、施肥方式对马铃薯产量及耕层土壤水溶性盐迁移的影响。方法]通过田间试验和土壤检测,分析水溶性盐分在土壤中的移动规律。结果]漫灌处理,4层土壤总水溶性盐总量从上到下依次递增,各层土壤水溶性盐量漫灌施肥处理均高于漫灌不施肥处理;滴灌的2个处理,0~60 cm水溶性盐总量从上到下依次递增,60~100 cm明显降低;土壤各层水溶性盐总量滴灌基施均高于滴灌追施;0~100 cm土层水溶性盐量滴灌基施高于漫灌基施。结论]不同灌溉施肥方式以滴灌+追肥效益最高;漫灌土壤盐分从上向下淋溶明显,滴灌土壤盐分淋溶不充分,盐分在20~60 cm有积聚作用;同等条件下,施肥量越高土壤盐分残留量越大,土壤次生盐渍化与施肥量关系密切。

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization Methods on the Potato Yield and Soil Salinity Migration

Objective] To study the effects of different irrigation and fertilizer methods on potato yield and soil salinity migration. Method] The movement law of water soluble salts in soil was studied by field trial, soil testing and the mathematical analysis. Result] The soil water soluble salt content in four layers gradually increased from top to bottom for the irrigation treatment, the soil water soluble salt amount in each layer for the irrigation + fertilization treatments were all higher than irrigation + non-fertilization treatments. As for two drip irrigation treat-ments, the salt amount in the range of 0-60 cm was increased from top to bottom, but decreased in the range of 60-100 cm. The soil salt content of each layer for the drip irrigation + base fertilizer treatments were higher than the drip irrigation + topdressing treatments;the soil total salt contents in the range of 0-100 cm for the drip irrigation + base fertilizer treatments were higher than the irrigation + base fertilizer treatments. Conclusion] Drip irrigation + fertilizer treatment has the highest efficiency among the different irrigation and fertilization modes. The soil salt is downward leaching significantly for irrigation soil. Soil salt leaching for drip irrigation is not sufficient, the salt has accumulation effect in the 20-60 cm soil. Under the same conditions, the high amount of fertilization leads to the great amount of soil salt residues. Soil secondary salinization is closely related with the fertilizing amount.