文冠果籽油的索式萃取及其组成分析

目的]研究萃取文冠果籽油的最佳工艺条件,分析文冠果籽油的组成。方法]以文冠果仁为原料,采用索氏萃取法萃取文冠果籽油。通过单因素试验研究萃取文冠果籽油的工艺条件,考察溶剂种类、液料比、萃取回流次数等因素对文冠果籽油萃取率的影响。采用GC-MS方法分析文冠果籽油的组成。结果]索氏法萃取文冠果籽油的最佳工艺参数是：较合适的溶剂为乙醚,最佳液料比为5∶1（ml∶g）,适宜的萃取回流次数为5次,在此条件下,文冠果籽油的萃取率为46.0%。文冠果籽油的主要成分为油酸、亚油酸、油菜酸和棕榈酸等。结论]文冠果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86%,其种类比花生油和橄榄油更多,其中首次发现存在11,14-二十碳二烯酸,表明其作为高级食用油具有的良好前景。

Extraction of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Seed Oil by Soxhlet Method and Its Composition Analysis

Objective] The study aimed to study the optimum process condition for extracting Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seed oil and analyze its composition.Method] With the kernel of X.sorbifolia as the raw material,its seed oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method.The process condition for extracting X.sorbifolia seed oil was studied and the effects of solvent types,ratio of solvent to material and extraction back-flow times were discussed through the single factor test.The composition of X.sorbifolia seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS method.Result] The optimum process parameter for extracting X.sorbifolia seed oil by Soxhlet method was as follows:the more suitable solvent was aether,optimum ratio of solvent to material was 5∶1(ml∶g)and the suitable extraction back-flow times were 5,under which,the extraction rate of X.sorbifolia seed oil was 46.0%.The main components of X.sorbifolia seed oil were oleic acid,linoleic acid,erucic acid and palmitic acid etc.Conclusion] The unsaturation fatty acid content in X.sorbifolia seed oil was as high as 86% and its kinds were more than the peanut oil and olive oil,in which,it was the first time to find 11c,14c-sicosadienoic acid in this oil,showing that X.sorbifolia seed oil has a good foreground as the high-quality edible oil.