苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究

目的]为研制高效、低毒、低残留的新型杀菌剂提供理论依据。方法]采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法,分别以水稻纹枯病菌等6种植物病原真菌和大肠杆菌等3种病原细菌为供试菌种,对苍耳各器官(根、茎、叶、果)提取液、植物内生真菌MG4-23的发酵液及菌丝体提取液进行抑菌活性测定。结果]苍耳各器官提取液、植物内生真菌发酵液及菌丝体提取液均有抑菌作用。苍耳的丙酮提取液抑菌活性要好于乙醇提取液。苍耳中抑菌活性最高的器官是叶,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在47.8%以上,对3种病原细菌的抑制直径均在0.5 cm以上。植物内生真菌发酵液的抑菌活性也很明显,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在68.1%以上,对3种病原细菌也具有抑制性。苍耳根和植物内生真菌菌丝体提取液的抑菌活性也较明显。结论]苍耳和植物内生真菌MG4-23均具有较大的开发利用价值。

Preliminary Studies on Antifungal Activity of Xanthium sibiricum and the Endophytic Fungi

Objective]The study aimed to provide theoretical foundation of developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residual.Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MG4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.Result]The extract of every organ of X.sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MG4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of X.sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of X.sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 cm.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of the root of X.sibiricum and the mycelium of endophyic fungi all had antifungal activities.Conclusion]X.sibiricum and endophyic fungi MG4-23 had great value of development and utilization.