叶下珠抗新城疫病毒活性成分的筛选

目的]筛选中草药叶下珠中的抗病毒活性成分，为开发治疗禽类病毒性疾病的新药提供条件。方法]分别用75％乙醇（E）和纯净水（PF）煎煮叶下珠全草，再分别以石油醚（PE）、乙酸乙酯（EA）、正丁醇（BU）萃取其活性成分。将萃取物分别接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF），观察其对NDV病变的抑制作用；分别接种鸡胚，观察其对NDV血凝效价的影响；分别接种鸡，统计鸡群的死亡率，评价其免疫保护效果。结果]E-PE、E-BU组萃取物均能明显抑制NDV在CEF细胞上的病变和显著抑制NDV在鸡胚内的增殖（P〈0.05），以E-BU较好；E-PE、E-BU组的鸡只存活率均极显著高于利巴韦林对照组和生理盐水对照组（P〈0.01），以E-PE组保护率较高。结论]叶下珠水提取物效果较差；醇提取物E-PE组和E-BU组能有效抑制NDV病毒病变及其在鸡胚内增殖，对NDV的免疫保护效果较好。

Screening of Anti-Newcastle Disease Virus Ingredients of Phyllanthus urinaria

Objective] The aim of the study was to screen the antiviral ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Phyllanthus urinaria in order to develop new drugs for the treatment of viral diseases of poultry.Method] The whole grass of phyllanthus was respectively decocted in 75% ethanol(E) and pure water(PF),and then the active ingredients were separately extracted in petroleum ether(PE),ethyl acetate(EA),and n-butyl alcohol(BU).The extracts were inoculated on chicken embryo fibroblast(CEF) to observe their inhibitory effect on cytopathic effect(CPE) of Newcastle disease virus(NDV),inoculated into chicken embryos to observe the changes of the hemagglutination titer of NDV,and inoculated in chickens to determine the mortality and evaluate their effect of immune protection.Result] The E-PE and E-BU extracts,especially E-BU extract,inhibited CPE of NDV on CEF and significantly inhibited the proliferation of NDV in the chicken embryo(P<0.05);the survival rate of E-PE and E-BU group was extremely significantly higher than that of ribavirin group and normal saline control(P<0.01),with E-PE group more higher.Conclusion] The water extract of phyllanthus is less effective;E-PE extract and E-BU extract should effectively inhibit the CPE and proliferation in chicken embryo of NDV and also have better immune protection against NDV.