几种脱胶方法的比较研究

目的]优化蚕丝的精制工艺,提高脱胶率。方法]以N1白、杂交种和N2为材料,以蚕茧脱胶率、丝胶溶解率为考察指标,采用酶脱胶、酸脱胶和高温高压水脱胶3种工艺,探索蚕丝的最佳脱胶方法。结果]采用酸脱胶和高温高压水脱胶时,随着时间的延长,脱胶率增加;在相同时间内,3个材料的脱胶率由大到小依次为:N1白>杂交种>N2。采用高温高压水脱胶时,N1白、杂交种和N2的脱胶率分别为17.80%~37.80%、14.67%~35.00%和12.33%~29.67%。在pH值为7、温度为60℃的木瓜蛋白酶液、浴比为1∶50的条件下脱胶2 h,N1白、杂交种和N2的脱胶率分别为18.50%、14.85%和12.50%。结论]高温高压水脱胶工艺的脱胶率最高,此法由于无化学品引入,是获得纯净的丝素、丝胶的理想方法。

Comparative Study on Several Degumming Methods for Silkworm Silk

Objective] The aim was to optimize the refining technology for silkworm silk and increase the degumming rate.Method] With N1 bai,hybrid and N2 as materials and degumming rate of silkworm cocoon and dissolving rate of sericin as investigation indexes,3 kinds of technologies as enzymatic degumming,acid degumming and water degumming under high temperature and high pressure were taken to explore the optimum degumming method for silkworm silk.Result] When the methods of acid degumming and water degumming under high temperature and high pressure were used,the degumming rate was increased with the delay of time.In the same time,the degumming rates of 3 materials in order was N1 bai > hybrid >N2.When the method of water degumming under high temperature and high pressure was used,the degumming rates of N1 bai,hybrid and N2 were 17.80%-37.80%,14.67%-35.00% and 12.33%-29.67% resp.When the silkworm silk was degumed for 2 h in the condition of pH with 7,the ratio of papain liquid at 60 ℃ and bath of 1∶50, the degumming rates of N1 bai,hybrid and N2 were 18.50%,14.85% and 12.50% resp.Conclusion] The degumming technology with water degumming under high temperature and high pressure had highest degumming rate was an ideal method to gain pure silk fibroin and sericin in which there were no chemicals introduced.