不同典型作物种植模式和土壤类型农田养分含量现状分析

目的]通过了解云南不同典型作物种植模式、土壤类型、土壤质地对土壤肥力质量的影响,正确识别和评估农田土壤肥力质量,为当地精准施肥提供更科学的依据。方法]采用问卷调查、田间土壤采集与室内分析相结合的方法。结果]不同种植模式以蔬菜-休闲和蔬菜-蔬菜轮作模式土壤肥力最高,土壤养分含量达到或接近极丰富水平,然后依次是水稻-蔬菜、水稻-休闲、水稻-春玉米,玉米-休闲种植模式土壤肥力最低。不同土壤类型以石灰性土肥力最高,土壤主要养分基本上达到极丰富水平或丰富水平,然后依次是新积土、黄壤和水稻土,红壤肥力最低。不同土壤质地,砂壤土、轻壤土和中壤土肥力大小相当,重壤土肥力相对较低。同时,研究区域土壤速效钾含量处于中等及以下水平,有效硼含量在临界值以下,其他主要养分指标基本上达丰富或极丰富水平。结论]不同种植模式、土壤类型、土壤质地下土壤养分含量均有一定的差异性。因此,确定最佳施肥量时,既要考虑土壤自身养分含量现状,又要充分考虑不同种植模式、土壤类型和土壤质地对土壤养分含量的影响。

Analysis of Farmland Soil Nutrient Content of Different Models Planting Patterns and Soil Types

Objective] The aim was to identify and assess the quality of farmland fertility correctly and provide a more scientific basis for the local precision fertilizer by understanding effects of different typical cropping pattern,soil type,soil texture on soil fertility quality in Jijie Town,Gejiu County,Yunnan Province.Method] The questionnaires,field soil collection and laboratory analysis were combined.Result] The soil fertility of vegetables-leisure and vegetables-vegetables rotation were the highest in the different cropping patterns,whose soil nutrients content was close to the extremely rich level,followed by rice-vegetables rotation,rice-leisure rotation,rice-spring corn rotation.The soil fertility of corn-leisure cropping patterns was the lowest.In the different soil types,the calcareous soil fertility was the highest,whose soil nutrients content nearly reached a level of extremely rich or rich,followed by alluvial soil,yellow soil and paddy soil.The red soil fertility was lowest.In the different soil texture,the soil fertility of sandy loam was almost equal to that of light loam and mid loam,but the soil fertility of heavy loam was relatively lower.In all the study area,the soil available potassium was in the middle and below levels,the soil available boron was below the minimum threshold,while other nutrients almost reached the level of extremely rich or rich.Conclusion] There was a certain difference of soil nutrient content in the different cropping patterns,soil type and soil texture.Therefore,it was necessary to consider the soil nutrient content ostatus,and take full account of effects of different cropping patterns,soil type and soil texture on soil nutrient content,to determine optimum fertilization.