豫南油菜产区肥料最佳用量·利用率研究

目的]研究甘蓝型冬油菜的肥料最佳用量及养分吸收利用规律,可以为油菜科学施肥、发展油菜生产提供依据。方法]采用田间小区试验方法,研究不同氮磷钾配比对杂双5号生长和籽粒产量的影响。结果]N12P12K8、N12P8K12、N18P8K8处理产量最高,不施氮肥和磷肥的产量最低;最佳施氮量为225 kg/hm2,最佳施磷量为135 kg/hm2。在合理施肥情况下,正阳试验点的氮肥利用率为26.99%～53.17%,磷肥利用率在30%左右;西平试验点的氮肥利用率在30%左右。结论]西平县肥料利用率偏低,应注重平衡施肥。

Study of Optimum Amount of Fertilizer and Use Efficiency in Oilseed Rape Production Area of Southern Henan

Objective ] The optimum amount of fertilizer and use efficiency of oilseed rape were studied to provide the basis for the the scientific fertilization and the development of oilseed production.Method ]Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth and the yield of Zashuang 5.Result] The yield of N12P12K8,N12P8K12 and N18P8K treatments was the highest,and no fertilizer treatment gained the lowest yields.The optimum N and P ratio was 225 and 135 kg per hectare.In balanced fertilization conditions,N fertilizer use efficiency was 26.99%-53.17% and P fertilizer use efficiency was about 30% in Zhengyang.N fertilizer use efficiency was 30% in Xiping.Conclusion]Balanced fertilization should be applied for improving the fertilizer use efficiency in Xiping.