脱毒草莓高架自营养高效育苗技术研究

目的]设计建造脱毒草莓高架自营养育苗系统并开展相关育苗技术研究。方法]以草莓品种"红颜"为试验材料,以传统露地育苗(CK1)和避雨遮阳育苗(CK2)为对照,研究高架育苗繁苗方式、繁苗率、病害情况、育苗成本以及种苗生产表现。结果]草莓高架自营养育苗方式,每年可以春秋2季育苗,定植育苗母株5.100 0万株/hm2,年繁育穴盘苗622.518 0万株/hm2,成苗率98.2%,平均叶片数4.8片1心,根茎粗度达到1.2 cm;白粉病和土传病害无发生,炭疽病发病率为21.6%,病情指数1.5;种苗用于保护地生产结果期较对照提早7 d,产量达到3.702万kg/hm2;穴盘苗育苗成本0.096元/株,繁育脱毒草莓原种苗利润438.000 0万元/hm2,繁育生产种苗利润217.800 0万元/hm2。结论]该研究可为在降低生产管理强度的同时大大提高草莓的繁殖系数和草莓种苗质量,实现草莓种苗每年春秋两季繁育提供科学依据。

Study on Elevated Virus-free Strawberry Seedling System with High Efficiency and No Need for Additional Nutrition

Objective] Designed and constructed the elevated virus-free strawberry seedling system with high efficiency and no need for additional nutrition.Method] The present experiments were carried out by the popular cultivar "Hongyan" as material to study the elevated seedling system,cultivation seedling rate,disease situation,the cost of seedling and the performance of seedling as a control of conventional seedling system in open field(CK1) and seedling system for shelter from intense sunlight and rain(CK2).Result] The results showed that this seedling system can be preceded in both spring and autumn,by which 5.100 0×104 plant/hm2 parental seedling can produce 622.518 0×104 plant/hm2 plug seedlings.The basal situation was as followed: 98.2% seedling rate,4.8 leaves and one heart leaf per seedling on the average,over 1.2 cm of the stem width,infrequence of powdery mildew and other soil-borne disease,21.6% incidence of anthracnose and 1.5 of its disease index.The fruit stage of the protected field was seven days earlier than the controls and the yield were more than 3.702×104 kg/hm2.The cost of plug seedling was 0.096 Yuan on each seedling for production and the profit for multiplying the parental seedling as well as seedling for production were 438.000 0×104 Yuan and 217.800 0×104 Yuan on the average respectively.Conclusion]The study can provide scientific basis for reducing management strength,improving propagation coefficient and seedling quality,realizing propagation of strawberry in spring and summer.