超声波提取醉马草中生物碱的研究

目的]研究醉马草中生物碱的超声提取工艺。方法]采用40 kHz超声波水处理醉马草草粉,水提去渣得到滤液后,分别用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,在回收溶剂的情况下用减压蒸馏获取生物碱,经薄层层析和红外鉴定。结果]正交试验选取各因素的最佳水平组合为A1B2C2D2,即最佳提取工艺条件为以料液比1∶7.5（g/ml）、温度60℃、超声功率250 W,超声时间60 min;在此条件下生物碱的提取率为2.06 mg/g;新草的生物碱的提取率为14.04 mg/g。结构鉴定结果显示,醉马草混合碱中含有苦马豆素。结论]该方法快速有效,准确度高,可用于醉马草中生物碱的提取。

Study on Ultrasonic Extraction of Alkaloid from Achnatherum inebrians (Hance)Keng

Objective] To study the ultrasonic extraction technology of Alkalod from Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng.Method]40 kHz ultrasonic aqueous medium was used to treat Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng powder,and then the filtrate was obtained by removing the impurities by water extraction method,after that the solvent extraction method was used to separate the swainsonine with the solvent of chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,respectively.And the alkaloids were obtained in the case of solvent recovery under vacuum distillation.The swainsonine was analyzed by the method of thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrum.Result]The optimal combinations of each factor were A1B2 and C2D2,and the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:1∶7.5(g/ml) solid-liquid ratio,60 ℃ temperature,250 W ultrasonic power and 60 min ultrasonic time,under those conditions,the extraction rate was 2.06 mg/g;while the extraction rate was 14.04 mg/g.Identification results showed that the mixed Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng alkaloid had swainsonine.Method]This method was rapid and efficient with high accuracy,therefore it could be applied to the extraction of alkaloid from Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng.