好氧堆肥微生物研究方法进展

在好氧堆肥微生物研究中,传统分离培养和显微技术以其简便易行的特点仍然在被继续使用,但是由于特定生境中大多数微生物处于"存活但不能培养"状态,所以对于好氧堆肥中的微生物进行研究时,就必须采用现代生物化学方法和分子生物学方法。回顾评述了醌类分析、磷脂脂肪酸分析和ATP分析这3类现代生物化学方法和16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因序列分析、16S~23S rDNA转录间隔区序列分析、DGGE变性梯度凝胶电泳和DNA微阵列这4类现代分子生物学方法,应用于堆肥过程中微生物研究的现状。最后指出不同的分子生物技术相结合,再辅以必要的传统方法,是将来堆肥微生物研究方法的发展方向和趋势。

Progress on Research Methods for Microorganisms during Aerobic Composting

In the research on microorganism during aerobic composting,the traditional isolation and culture and the microscope technology had characteristics of easy and simple to conduct,which were still used today.Due to the "viable but nonculturable" of many microorganism in certain habitat,the modern biochemistry and molecular biology must be used when carrying out test on microorganism during aerobic composting.The application of three modern biochemistry technologies,which were quinones profiling,PLFAs(phospholipid fatty acids) and ATP,in the microorganism research during aerobic composting was reviewed,as well as the 16S rRNA /18S rRNA gene sequence analysis,16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA microarrays.Finally,it was pointed out that the development trend of compost microorganisms was combining with different molecular biological technologies and with the auxiliary of the indispensable traditional methods in future.