早实核桃采穗圃修剪技术效应研究

目的]为早实核桃的生产栽培提供依据。方法]在春、夏季修剪早实核桃采穗圃,探讨不同的修剪强度对不同品系和树龄的核桃树的修剪效应。结果]3～5月的重短截可显著促进新枝生长,抽枝基径1.51cm,平均长度93.24cm,满足接穗生产的要求;7～8月修剪的枝条抽生能力差,不能达到接穗的要求。同一品系不同强度修剪后,新枝生长差异显著;重短截对4个核桃品系的新枝长度和基径生长的促进作用最显著,抽枝基径1.22～1.59cm。中短截可极显著促进2年生早实核桃新枝的生长,抽枝基径、长度平均达1.42、91.92cm;3年生和5年生早实核桃重短截处理的新枝长度、基径生长极显著优于其他处理。结论]早实核桃春季修剪明显优于夏季修剪。重短截技术可以普遍应用于不同品系的早实核桃修剪。

Study on the Effect of Pruning Technique Used in the Cutting Orchard of Precocious Walnut

Objective] The study purposed to provide basis for the production and cultivation of precocious walnut.Method] The precocious walnut trees in cutting orchard was pruned in spring and summer,so as to discuss the pruning effects of different pruning intensities on the walnut trees with different lines and tree ages.Result] The heavy cutting back in March ~ May could promote the growth of new branches with the diameter of 1.51 cm and average length of 93.24 cm,which satisfied the request of grafting production.The growing ability of branches pruned in July ~ August was poor,which could not achieve the grafting request.The growth difference of the new branches of the same lines spurned with different intensities was significant.The promotion effect of heavy cutting back on the length and diameter of new branches in 4 walnut lines was most significant with the new branch diameter of 1.22～1.59 cm.Moderate cutting back could promote the growth of new branches of 2-year-old precocious walnut extremely significantly,with the average diameter and length up to 1.42 and 91.92 cm resp.The length and diameter of new branches of 3-and 5-year-old precocious walnut in the treatment of heavy cutting back were extremely significantly superior to that in the other treatments.Conclusion] The pruning in spring was obviously higher than pruning in summer for precocious walnut.The technique of heavy cutting back could apply in the precocious walnut pruning of different lines generally.