药用植物马蔺的内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性的研究

目的]研究药用植物马蔺内生真菌资源的多样性及其抑菌活性特征。方法]通过组织块法对内生真菌进行分离,并选择小麦全蚀病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和黄瓜立枯病菌5种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌4种细菌作为指示菌,采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定抑菌活性。结果]从马蔺不同组织器官中分离出32株内生真菌,以根部的最多,茎叶次之;经形态学初步分类鉴定其属于3个目,3个科,4个属。其中,有22株内生真菌对2种或2种以上的植物病原真菌指示菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占菌株总数的68.8%;有12株内生真菌对2种或2种以上的供试细菌指示菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的37.5%;有7株内生真菌对3种以上的植物病原真菌指示菌具有明显的抑制作用,占菌株总数的21.9%;有2株内生真菌对2种供试细菌指示菌有明显的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的6.3%。马蔺内生真菌对供试植物病原真菌指示菌和供试细菌指示菌有明显抑制作用,且抑制植物病原真菌的范围较宽;2株高活性菌株来源于马蔺叶部,对5种供试真菌指示菌具有明显抑制作用;2株高活性菌株来源于马蔺根部,对2种供试细菌指示菌具有明显抑制作用;1株高活性菌株对4种供试真菌指示菌和1种供试细菌指示菌有明显抑制作用。这5株高活性内生真菌菌株属于束丝菌属、镰孢霉属、梭孢霉属和组丝核菌属。结论]药用植物马蔺具有丰富的内生真菌资源,并具有明显的抑菌活性。

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Iris lacteal var.chinensis and Its Microbial Inhibition Activity

Objective] To explore the resource diversity and microbial inhibition activity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Iris lacteal var.chinensis.Method] The endophytic fungi were isolated from root,stem and leaf of the host by tissue inoculation culture and five pathogenic fungi and four bacteria strains used as indicators to test microbial inhibition activity by agar plate antagonistic action and modified agar gel diffusion methods.Result] The results indicated that thirty-two fungal endophytic strains were isolated from the host,most of them coming from root,then leaf and stem;the isolated strains attribute to four genera,three families,and three orders based on morphological characteristics;for the isolated strains twenty-two strains were found to have some microbial inhibition activities against two or more indicating fungi,making up 68.8% of the total isolated strains,twelve isolated strains had certain antibacterial activities against 1 or more indicating bacteria,amounting to 37.5% of the total isolates,among which seven endophytic fungi strains isolated showed evident inhibition activities against three indicating pathogenic fungal strains respectively,which was 21.9% of the isolated strains,two strains isolated exhibited evident inhibition activities against two indicating bacteria,respectively,which was 6.3% of the total isolates.The isolated strains from Iris lacteal var.chinensis showed evident antifungal and antibacterial activities,and their antifungal spectrum were more broad against plant pathogenic fungi;the four strains with evident antimicrobial activities belong to Ozonium sp.、 Fusarium sp.、Fusidium sp.,of which two strains from he leaf of the host with evident antifungal activities against the five kinds of indicating fungi,two strains from the root of the host with evident antibacterial activities against the two kinds of indicating bacteria.Conclusion] The medicinal plant Iris lacteal var.chinensis showed abundant endophytic fungal resource,and had obvious antibacterial activity.