宁夏干旱带压砂与节水补灌条件下2种土壤保水剂的效果研究

目的]验证土壤抗旱保水剂对压砂地种植甜瓜的增产效果。方法]采用田间试验与测试分析方法,研究了在压砂与节水补灌条件下2种保水剂的效果。结果]在压砂种植3年的压砂田与节水补灌条件下,施用保水剂可提高苗期表层土壤含水率绝对值1.40%,相对值9.86%;提高开花坐果期表层土壤含水率绝对值1.94%,相对值15.16%。施用保水剂甜瓜出苗提前1～4 d,整个生育期提前5～8 d,平均增加单株叶片数22.88%。与无保水剂对照相比,施用保水剂可提高产量450～1 275 kg/hm2,平均增产980 kg/hm2;增产幅度在3.5%～9.9%之间,平均增产率为7.6%。经过回归分析,求得最高产量保水剂适宜用量为75～90 kg/hm2。结论]压砂地施用保水剂具有明显蓄水保墒、促进甜瓜生长发育和增产效果。

Effects of Water Retaining Agent under the Condition of Gravel Mulched Ground and Water-Saving Supplied Irrigation in Ningxia Arid Zone

Objective] The research aimed to check that the water retaining agents had the good effects in melon increasing production.Method] Effects of two kinds of water retaining agents under gravel mulched and water-saving supplied irrigation were studies by using field experiments and testing analysis.Result] Under the gravel mulched land for three years and water-saving supplied irrigation,the soil water contents of surface layer in seedling stage could be improved 1.40% in absolute value and 9.86% in relative value by using the water retaining agent.The soil water content of surface layer in period of blossom and fruit could be improved 1.94% in absolute value and 15.16% in relative value.By using the water retaining agent,the sprouting of the melon could bring forward 1-4 days,the whole growth period of melon could bring forward 5-8 days,and the number of the leaves on one plant could increase 22.88% compared with the control group.Compared with no water retaining agent,the application of the water retaining agent could increase melon yield 450-1 275 kg/hm2,and 980 kg/hm2 in average.The range of increasing yield was from 3.5% to 9.9%,and the rate of increasing yield was about 7.6% in average.By regression analysis,the recommending application rate of water retaining agent was 75-90 kg/hm2,which might get the maximum of protein yield.Conclusion]Applying water retaining agent could get positive effect of soil moisture storage,promoting melon growth and increasing production.