长江中下游浅水湖泊水产养殖污染现状与对策

水产养殖与湖泊污染之间存在着辩证关系,认识并利用此关系,对于渔业和湖泊环境协调发展具有重要意义。径流污染和内源释放是造成湖泊污染的主要原因,养殖污染源于残饵、代谢物和水产药物的排放。以南漪湖、滆湖、阳澄湖、淀山湖等湖泊为例,说明过度的养殖规模,落后的养殖技术,残饵、代谢物、药物的排放会造成水体污染,进而限制水产养殖的发展;合理的养殖规模、布局和结构,先进的养殖技术能减轻对湖泊环境的压力。协调水产养殖与环境保护之间的关系,发展生态渔业,走可持续发展之路是湖泊水产养殖业发展的必然趋势。

Pollution Actuality and Countermeasures of Aquiculture in Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Area

There is dialectic relation exist between aquiculture and environmental pollution.It is of great significance to recognize and ultimate the relation.Polluted runoff and internal contamination releasing mainly cause the pollution of lakes.The contaminations from aquaculture include residual bait,metabolites and aquatic drugs.Taking the aquiculture pollution actualities in Nanyi Lake,Ge Lake,Yangcheng Lake and Dianshan Lake as examples,the research showed that exorbitance scale aquiculture,outdated technology and discharge of residual bait,metabolites,fishery drugs can pollute the water body and hider development of aquiculture industry.On the contrary,advanced technology,rational layout,reasonable scale and structure can reduce stress on lakes.Coordinating relation between aquiculture and environmental protection,developing ecological fishery technique,and taking the road of sustainable development were inevitable trends of lake aquiculture industry.