百色烟区烤烟合理种植密度及施肥量研究

目的]为了掌握百色烟区合理的种植密度及施肥量,为烤烟生产提供科学指导和应用依据。方法]研究了不同种植密度和施肥水平对烟株生长、烟叶产量和质量的影响。结果]烤烟生育前期受种植密度和施肥量影响不大,但腰叶、顶叶成熟的时间随着施氮量的增大而变晚。不同种植密度和施肥量对烤烟农艺性状的影响较大,在种植密度相同时,随施肥量的增加,烟株株高、茎围、节距、有效叶片数和叶片长度呈递增趋势;减小种植密度有利于顶叶的开片生长及有效叶片数的增加。综合各经济性状及烟叶主要内在化学成分和评吸质量,A2B3处理(行株距120 cm×50 cm,施氮量112.5 kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾比例1∶1∶3)能够得到较好的经济效益和烟叶质量。结论]在百色特定的气候、中等土壤肥力条件下,烤烟种植密度以行距120 cm,株距50 cm,纯氮用量112.5 kg/hm2(氮、磷、钾比例1∶1∶3)为宜。

Studies on Planting Density and Fertilizer Application Rate of Flue-cured Tobacco in Baise

Objective] To explore the suitable planting density and fertilizer application rate of flue-cured tobacco and to provide the scientific basis and reference applications for guiding its production in Baise.Method] The effects of different planting density and fertilizer application rate on the growth of tobacco plants,the yield and quality of tobacco leaves were studied.Result] Planting density and fertilizer application rate had a little effects on the growth period of tobacco plants at early growth stage,but the mature stage of central and top leaves delayed with the increasing of fertilizer application rate.Different planting density and fertilizer application rate had significant effect on the agronomic characters,with the increasing fertilizer application rate,the plant height,stem diameter,node distance,effecttive number of leaves and length of leaf increased at the same planting density;when planting density was decreased,top leaves advantageous to growing and effective number of leaves increased.The results of main economic characteristics,chemical components in tobacco leaf and smoking quality of cured tobacco suggested that the treatment A2B3 had good economic benefit and were higher on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf.Conclusion] Under the specific climatic and soil conditions in Baise,the best planting density and nitrogen application rate of flue-cured tobacco was 120 cm of row spacing and 50 cm of distance between plants cooperated with 112.5 kg/hm2 N application rate,and N∶P∶K=1∶1∶3.