基于正交试验针对烤烟经济性状及烟叶结构特征的栽培技术优化

目的]研究不同栽培措施对烤烟经济性状及烟叶结构特征的影响,摸索出适合福建武平产区烟叶结构优化的配套栽培技术措施。方法]以福建武平产区主栽品种云烟87为供试材料,采用4因素3水平正交试验设计,探讨施肥模式、打顶时期、留叶数及打脚叶时期对烤烟主要经济性状及优化烟叶结构特征的影响。结果]4个处理因素对烤烟的经济性状及烟叶结构均存在影响,留叶数为主导因素,施肥模式和打顶时间影响程度相当。最终获得福建武平烟叶产区的最佳栽培技术措施组合为A_2B_3C_1D_1,即50%基施(N,K)、P肥全部基施,50%追肥(N,K),施肥量(N、K)为生产上常规施肥的90%;初花打顶;留15片叶;打顶时打脚叶。结论]福建武平烟叶产区的最佳栽培技术措施组合的A_2B_3C_1D_1,这一栽培技术措施组合经大面积种植验证后烟叶的产质量相较于当地对照有所提高,上等烟比例和中部烟比例均高于对照,感官质量评分高于对照,适合大面积推广应用。

Optimization of Planting Technology for Economic Characters and Leaf Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco Based on the Orthogonal Ex-periment

Objective] To study the effects of different cultivation technique measures on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and tobacco leaf structure, and to explore a supporting cultivation technique measure suitable for the structural optimization of tobacco leaves in Wuping Production Area in Fujian Province.Method] With main cultivar Yunyan 87 in Wuping production area as the research material, orthogonal test with four factors and three levels were adopted.Effects of fertilization mode, topping stage, remained leaves and cutting bottom leaf stage on the main eco-nomic characters of flue-cured tobacco and structure characteristics of optimized tobacco leaves were researched. Result] The four factors had impacts on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco and tobacco leaf structure.However, remained leaves were the leading factor.Fertiliza-tion mode had equal influencing degree to topping time.Finally, the optimal cultivation technology combination was A2 B3 C1 D1 in Wuping produc-tion area of Fujian Province, which was 50% basal application (N,K), basal application of P fertilizer, 50% topdressing (N,K), fertilizing a-mount (N, K) was 90% in production, first flower-topping, 15 leaves left, removing foot leaves while topping.Conclusion] The optimal culti-vation technology combination is A2 B3 C1 D1 in Wuping production area of Fujian Province, which is verified useful for improving the yield and quality compared with local CK by large-scale test.Its high-class leaf proportion and middle-class leaf ratio are higher than those of CK.Mean-while, sensory quality rating was higher than CK.Treatment A2 B3 C1 D1 is finally approved to be suitable for large-scale application.