国内花生铺膜播种机具的发展现状分析

花生是我国主要的油料作物之一,机械化播种是实现其机械化生产的关键环节。当前,花生播种机具多采用机械化覆膜播种技术,按铺膜、播种先后不同可分为先播种后铺膜的膜下播种铺膜机及先铺膜后播种的膜上打穴铺膜播种机。典型机型主要有先播种后铺膜式的青岛万农达2BFD-2B(C)型多功能花生覆膜播种机等,该类机具具有保墒节水性好,工作效率高等优点,但小苗出膜需人工辅助;先覆膜后播种式的有河北2BMHF-2型多功能覆膜播种机等,该类机具有效地解决了前者需人工放苗的缺点,节约了工时,但其存在作业效率低、可靠性差、膜上打穴、播种均存在较多的问题。因此,在分析现有播种机具存在问题的基础上,进一步研发新型苗带覆土技术、膜上打穴及播种技术,以提高机具播种精度、质量及出苗效果。

Analysis on the Development Status of Peanut Covering Film Planter in China

The peanut is one of main oil crops in China,and its mechanization planting is the key link to realize mechanized production of peanut.At present,peanut planter in china is main adapt mechanization covering film sowing technology.What’s more,based on the sequence of filming and sowing,the planter can be divided into two types,namely under-film sowing covering film planter with the characteristics of sowing first and filming later,above-film hitting the hole covering film planter with the characteristics of filming first and sowing later.The typical planter are mainly contain: ① Qingdao Wannongda 2BFD-2B(C) multifunction peanut covering film planter with the characteristics of sowing first and filming later,has high success sowing rate,better water saving and high efficiency,etc.,but need artificially release seedling.②Heibei 2BMHF-2 multi-function covering film planter with the characteristics of filming first and sowing later,this type planter needn’t artificially release seedling and save working time,but have many problems on efficiency,reliability,hitting hole and sowing seeds on the film.Therefore,based on the analysis on existing seeding machinery,seedling belt to fill soil technology,hitting the hole and sowing technology on the film,is further researched and developed in order to enhance the planter sowing precision,quality and emerges the effect.