不同收入农户的基本特征分析——基于河北省某县3个村259户农户的调查

根据城乡居民收入水平、国家贫困线划定标准及相关划分方法,将农户类型划分为贫困户（低收入户和中下收入户）、中等收入户和富裕户（中上收入户和高收入户）。基于河北省某县3个村259户农户的调查数据,对现阶段不同收入阶层农户的家庭构成特征、经济特征、观念特征和交际特征进行了分析。结果表明,不同收入阶层农户在家庭结构、行为观念、经济及沟通交际等方面存在较大差异,低收入户的家庭结构不合理,家庭负担重,行为保守,信息闭塞,而中高收入户擅于交际,敢于冒险,技能水平较高。基于此,提出了促进农户发展的相关建议：优化家庭结构,重点培育家庭核心成员的能力;因户制宜地指导农户选择合适的发展路径;多方面促使农户外出务工,保障农民工合法权益;繁荣农村文化,为农户交流构建良好平台。

Basic Characteristics of Peasant Households with Different Income Levels

According to the urban and rural income levels and national poverty line,peasant households are classified into poor households,middle-income households and wealthy households. Based on the investigation data of 259 peasant households in 3 villages of Hebei Province,the family composition characteristics,economic features,concept features,and communication features of peasant households with different income levels are analyzed. Result shows that there are great differences in family structure,behavior concepts,economy and communication of peasant households. Family structure is irrational in low-income households with heavy burden,conservative behavior and blocking information. But the middle and high income households having high skills are good at communication and risk-taking. Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the development of peasant households,such as optimizing family structure,cultivating the capacity of the core members of the family,guiding households to choose a suitable development path,promoting farmers to work outside,ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers,flourishing rural culture,and setting up a good platform for the communication of households.