鸟类与植物种子扩散关系的研究进展

种子扩散是指种子以某种方式离开母树到达适宜生境并能生长、繁殖,实现定居的过程。种子靠不同的方式实现扩散,如通过动物、风、水和自我扩散。其中,在动物扩散类群中,鸟类是最重要的扩散者。国外学者对鸟类在植物种子扩散中的作用、鸟类对种子的扩散距离、鸟类摄食对种子萌发的影响以及食果鸟类与结果植物之间的关系等问题进行了大量研究,为进一步探讨鸟类与植物种子扩散的关系提供了理论基础。鸟类对植物种子的扩散既有积极的作用,也能产生不利的影响。近年来,越来越多的学者关注鸟类在森林更新中的作用,并呼吁应更好地发挥鸟类在植物种子扩散中的积极作用。国内对鸟类扩散的研究起步较晚,但近年来已有越来越多的学者开始关注鸟类与植物之间的关系,并对鸟类在传播红松、红豆杉、黄檗等植物种子的作用进行了研究。

A Review on the Study of Relationship between Birds and Seed Dispersal

Seed dispersal is a process that seeds leave from the mother trees in some way to reach suitable habitat,then achieving growth,reproduction,in the end achieving settlement.Seeds achieve to spread by different means,such as by animals,wind,water and self-diffusion.Among the proliferation of groups of animals,birds are the most important dispersers.Foreign scholars have conducted a large study on the role birds played to seeds,the distance birds spreaded,the effect on seed germination when birds feeded seeds,the relationship between frugivorous birds and plants,which provide a theoretical basis for further investigation.Frugivorous birds play a positive role,but also have a negative impact on seeds.In recent years,more and more scholars have taken an interest in the role birds played in forest regeneration,and called for a better use of the active role that birds made when seeds spreaded.Researches on seed dispersal start rather late in China,but more and more scholars began to concern the relationship between birds and plants in recent years,including studies on the dispesal seeds of Pinus koraiensis,Taxus chinensis,Phellodendron amurense and other plants' seeds by birds.