栽培季节对不同品系番茄生长和产量构成的影响

目的]调查不同栽培季节对不同品系番茄生长及产量构成的影响,总结分析造成的原因,提出避免发生的措施,以期降低农户的经济损失,提升宁夏地区蔬菜市场的竞争力,使该区蔬菜产业可持续健康发展。方法]通过对6个粉果和3个红果番茄品系在冬春茬和秋冬茬2个时段栽培,比较各参试番茄在2个时段的植株性状、果实性状、果实品质、产量、抗病毒性。结果]3穗果之前冬春茬与秋冬茬的生长势差异不明显,秋冬茬的第1穗果坐果数较冬春茬减少。秋冬茬的单果重明显比冬春茬的降低,各品系的果形指数在两茬没有差异,均接近圆形。秋冬茬较冬春茬的果实品质均降低。从产量看,在秋冬茬除齐达利减产不明显外,其余品系均大幅减产。从抗病毒性比较,冬春茬发生率很低,而在秋冬茬栽培时除齐达利发生病毒病几率较低外其余参试品系发生病毒病的几率高达60%以上。结论]相同品系的番茄在秋冬茬较冬春茬种植品质下降,产量减少,病毒病发生率提高。建议在宁夏地区秋冬茬栽培番茄应严控烟粉虱并选择抗病毒品种。

Effect of Cultivation Season on Different Strains Tomato Growth and Yield Components

Objective] By investigating the influence of different cultivation seasons on the different strains tomato growth and yield components to reduce the economic loss of farmers,promote vegetable market competitiveness,make sustainable healthy development of vegetable industry.Method] Plant characters,fruit characters,fruit quality,yield,disease resistance toxicity were compared through six pink tomato strains and three red tomato strains cultivated in winter-spring and autumn-winter.Result] Growth potential differences of winter-spring tomato and autumnwinter tomato were not obvious before three ear fruit.Single fruit weight of autumn-winter tomato was obviously lower than winter-spring tomato.Fruit shape indexes of all strains had no difference between two crops.The fruit quality of autunm-winter tomato was lower than winter-spring tomato.Production of all autumn-winter tomatoes were greatly reduced except Qidali.The virus disease probabilities of all autumn-winter tomatoes were above 60％ except Qidali.Conclusion] The same strain tomatoes cultivated in winter-spring had better planting quality and yield than that in autumn-winter,virus disease incidence rate reduced.It suggcsts that tomatoes cultivation should restrict Bemisia tabaci and select antiviral variety in autumn-winter at Ningxia.