江淮之间夏季高温热害对水稻生长的影响

为了研究江淮之间夏季高温热害的发生规律及其对水稻生长的影响,通过对江淮之间夏季高温天气特征与历史对比分析,得出江淮之间夏季高温发生规律。针对江淮之间2003年夏季高温发生特点,结合水稻所处发育期的适宜温度指标和高温危害指标,阐述夏季高温热害对水稻的危害机理及其对产量的影响,并从农业气象角度提出了防御措施。江淮之间夏天高温天气频繁。2003年7月下旬至8月上旬初江淮之间出现持续高温,对水稻生长造成严重危害,中稻空壳率大于20%,高于历年平均水平;而秕谷率达10%以上,合肥、滁州、六安、寿县中稻减产率(2003产量与2002年相比)分别为13%、58%3、1%、48%。增施肥料、合理灌溉和喷洒适宜的化学药剂都可减轻高温热害对水稻的危害。

Effects of Hot Disaster of High Temperature in Summer on Rice Growth in Central Anhui

The aim of the research was to study the incidence law of hot disaster of high temperature in summer and its effect on rice growth in Central Anhui.The incidence law of high temperature in Central Anhui was obtained by analyzing weather characteristics with high temperature in summer in Central Anhui and historical comparison.Based on incidence characteristic of high temperature in summer of 2003,combining optimum temperature index and high-temperature disaster index for rice in growth stage,the harm mechanism of hot disaster of high temperature in summer on rice and its effects on rice yield were expounded and defense measures were put forward from the view of agrometeorology.Weather with high temperature in summer in Central Anhui region occurred frequently. Continuous high temperature occurred from late July to early August in 2003 in Central Anhui,which caused serious harm to rice growth.The rice sterile rate of middle-season rice was over 20%,being higher than mean level in past years.The abortive grain rate reached more than 10%,yield reduction rates of middleseason rice in Hefei,Chuzhou,Liuan and Shou county(comparing the yield in 2003 with that in 2002) were 13%,58%,31% and 48% respectively.Adding fertilizer application,irrigating reasonably and spraying suitable chemical drugs all could alleviate the harm of hot disaster of high temperature on rice.