氮离子束注入和钴60伽玛辐射对大豆生物学效应研究初报

目的] 探索氮离子束注入和钴60伽玛辐射对大豆的生物学效应，为大豆诱变育种提供依据。方法]14份大豆品种或高代稳定品系干种子按4×10^16、6×10^16和8×10^16N^＋/cm^2 3个剂量和能量30 Kev氮离子束注入，35份大豆品种或高代稳定品系干种子按100、150和200 Gy 3个剂量和剂量率1.6 Gy/Min钴60伽玛辐射，以未处理作对照，考察大豆主要农艺性状和产量，采用近红外透射光谱法测定大豆籽粒品质。结果]8×10^16N^＋/cm^2氮离子束注入和150 Gy钴60伽玛辐射对大豆农艺性状的突变效果明显。氮离子束注入和钴60伽玛辐射诱变蛋白质含量增加的材料占总材料份数的57.1%-78.6%，但6×10^16N^＋/cm^2氮离子束注入的蛋白质突变频率大于其余两个剂量，而钴60伽玛辐射剂量间差异不大；诱变脂肪含量增加的材料占总材料份数的34.3%-40.0%，且8×10^16N^＋/cm^2氮离子束注入和200 Gy钴60伽玛辐射的脂肪突变频率分别大于其余两个剂量。结论]选择适宜剂量的氮离子束注入和钴60伽玛辐射可以改善大豆农艺性状，增加产量，提高蛋白质和脂肪含量，因而氮离子束注入和钴60伽玛辐射是两种行之有效的大豆诱变育种方法。

Preliminary Study on Biological Effect of Soybean by Nitrogen Ion Beam Implantation and 60 CO-γ Radiation

Objective] The study aimed to provide bases for induced mutation breeding on soybean,and discuss the effect of nitrogen ion beam implantation and 60Co-γ radiation on biological effect of soybean.Method] The dried seeds of 14 soybean varieties or high generation and stable lines were treated by nitrogen ion beam implantation according to 4×1016,6×1016 and 8×1016N+/cm2 3 doses and 30 Kev energy,35 soybean materials were treated with 60Co-γ radiation according to 100,150 and 200 Gy 3 doses and 1.6 Gy/Min dosage ratio,compared with control,observed on main agronomic character and yield of soybean,tested with near-infrared transmission spectroscopy on grain quality of soybean.Result] Mutants of agronomic character were evident while the dried seeds of soybean were treated by 8×1016 N+/cm2 nitrogen ion beam implantation and 150 Gy 60Co-γ radiation.Protein content of soybean grain was more than control with nitrogen ion beam implantation and 60Co-γ radiation about 57.1%-78.6% in the total,variation frequency of protein was evidently more than other doses by 6×1016 N+/cm2 nitrogen ion beam implantation and there were no difference in 60Co-γ radiation treatment doses;fat content was more than control by two methods of induced mutation about 34.3%-40.0% in the total,Variation frequency of fat was respectively more than other doses by 8×1016 N+/cm2 nitrogen ion beam implantation and 200 Gy 60Co-γ radiation.Conclusion] Selecting the suitable doses of nitrogen ion beam implantation and 60Co-γradiation could improve agronomic character of soybean,increase yield,raise protein and fat content,thus nitrogen ion beam implantation and 60Co-γ radiation were effective two methods of induced mutation breeding on soybean.