黑龙江春小麦品种对光周期反应特性研究

目的]探讨不同光周期对春小麦生育进程及其主要产量因素的影响。方法]将待测小麦种子洗净消毒后,置于温度为25℃、相对湿度为80%的恒温恒湿培养箱内进行种子萌动处理。种子露白后,置于0~2℃低温黑暗处处理15 d。结果]光周期延长时,出苗至成熟的天数减少且光反应敏感品种的出苗至拔节和拔节至抽穗期缩短极为显著。在短日照下,光反应迟钝品种的分蘖数略有变化,而光反应敏感品种的分蘖数增加极为显著。光反应敏感品种的株高变化幅度、穗长可调幅度明显大于光反应迟钝品种,短日照下光反应敏感品种的株高增加10 cm以上。结论]延长发育期的光照时间有利于增加光反应敏感春小麦品种的小穗数和小花数,从而形成大穗。

Research on the Response Properties of Heilongjiang Spring Wheat Varieties to Photoperiod

Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of different photoperiods on the growing process of spring wheat and its main yield factors.Method] The washed and sterilized wheat seeds prepared for test were put into incubator with constant temperature at 25 ℃ and constant relative humidity at 80% for germination.The germinated seeds were kept in darkness with low-temperature at 02 ℃ for 15 d.Result] When the photoperiod extended,the days from emergence to maturing was reduced and the periods from emergence to jointing and from jointing to heading of the varieties sensitive to photoreaction were shortened extremely significantly.In short daylight,the tillering numbers of the varieties insensitive to photoreaction changed a little,but that of the varieties sensitive to photoreaction were increased extremely significantly.The variation ranges in plant heights and the variable ranges in ear lengths of the varieties sensitive to photoreaction were obviously bigger that of the varieties insensitive to photoreaction.The plant heights of the varieties sensitive to photoreaction were increased more than 10 cm in short daylight.Conclusion] Extending shining time in growing period was beneficial to increase the spikelet and floret numbers of spring wheat varieties sensitive to photoreaction,so the ear grew bigger.