石羊河流域气候与主要农业气象灾害变化特征

基于石羊河流域气象站近35年气象和主要农作物种植资料,探讨流域农业气候变化和农业生产、水文变化及其对作物布局、种植的影响。结果表明,≥0℃、≥10℃积温增加线性倾向率中北部大于南部,热量资源增加明显。年降水量以4.719mm/10a线性倾向率在增加,而年径流量以0.274亿m^3/10a的速率在减少。气候生产力以134.62kg/（hm^2.10a）的速率增加。春末夏初旱局部增加明显,无霜期延长,沙尘暴减少显著,大风南部增加、中北部减少。农业气候变化使春小麦种植区域向海拔较高区推进,播种期提前,生育期缩短,对产量形成不利,而对喜温作物玉米、棉花和酿酒葡萄等提高产量和品质有利。

The Change Character of Agricultural Climate and Main Agricultural Climate Hazard in Shiyang Rive Basin

Based on 35a meteorological data and main crop planting data of Shiyang Rive basin meteorological station,the impact of the rive basin's climate change on agricultural production,hydrological change,crop layout and planting were investigated. The results showed that the rising rate of ≥0 ℃,≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature were north central greater south. The heat resources increased evidently. The annual precipitation were increased,the rising rate was 4.719mm/10a. But the annual volume were decreased,the rising rate was 0.274×108 m3/10a. The climate productivity were increased,the rising rate was 134.62 kg/(hm2·10a). Last spring and beginning summer drought partly increased evidently. The frostless season extended. The sand storm decreased evidently. The gale wind south increased and north decreased. By the agricultural climate changing,the wheat planting area was pushing to high altitude. The date of spring wheat seeding was ahead. The growth time was shorten,which was disadvantaged to yield form. Otherwise,it was advantaged to raise yield and quality of corn,cotton and wine grape.